Table 1 Baseline characteristics.

From: Association between surgery and increased survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristic

Total (n = 5932)

Non-surgery (n = 4466)

Surgery (n = 1466)

p-value

STR (n = 780)

GTR (n = 686)

Age (year), mean (SD)

61.5 ± 15.1

61.7 ± 15.0

61.5 ± 14.8

59.8 ± 15.7

0.007

Sex, n (%)

    

0.106

 Male

3089 (52.1)

2293 (51.3)

416 (53.3)

380 (55.4)

 

 Female

2843 (47.9)

2173 (48.7)

364 (46.7)

306 (44.6)

 

Race, n (%)

    

0.371

 White

4655 (78.5)

3512 (78.6)

620 (79.5)

523 (76.2)

 

 Black

448 (7.6)

334 (7.5)

51 (6.5)

63 (9.2)

 

 Other

829 (14.0)

620 (13.9)

109 (14)

100 (14.6)

 

Marital status, n (%)

    

0.84

 Married

3459 (58.3)

2607 (58.4)

448 (57.4)

404 (58.9)

 

 Living alone

2473 (41.7)

1859 (41.6)

332 (42.6)

282 (41.1)

 

Years of diagnosis, n (%)

    

0.286

 2000–2010

2401 (40.5)

1831 (41)

297 (38.1)

273 (39.8)

 

 2011–2021

3531 (59.5)

2635 (59)

483 (61.9)

413 (60.2)

 

Primary Site, n (%)

    

0.357

 Supratentorial

2651 (44.7)

2011 (45)

324 (41.5)

316 (46.1)

 

 Infratentorial

613 (10.3)

459 (10.3)

89 (11.4)

65 (9.5)

 

 Other

2668 (45.0)

1996 (44.7)

367 (47.1)

305 (44.5)

 

Histologic subtype, n (%)

    

0.041

 DLBCL

1364 (23.0)

1039 (23.3)

192 (24.6)

133 (19.4)

 

 Othera

4568 (77.0)

3427 (76.7)

588 (75.4)

553 (80.6)

 

Laterality, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

 Left

1231 (20.8)

857 (19.2)

175 (22.4)

199 (29)

 

 Right

1291 (21.8)

907 (20.3)

183 (23.5)

201 (29.3)

 

 Other

3410 (57.5)

2702 (60.5)

422 (54.1)

286 (41.7)

 

Radiation, n (%)

    

0.113

 No

4069 (68.6)

3071 (68.8)

513 (65.8)

485 (70.7)

 

 Yes

1863 (31.4)

1395 (31.2)

267 (34.2)

201 (29.3)

 

Chemotherapy, n (%)

    

0.03

 No

1539 (25.9)

1122 (25.1)

215 (27.6)

202 (29.4)

 

 Yes

4393 (74.1)

3344 (74.9)

565 (72.4)

484 (70.6)

 

Time from diagnosis to treatment, (months)

    

0.006

  < 1

4448 (75.0)

3391 (75.9)

553 (70.9)

504 (73.5)

 

 1–3

638 (10.8)

464 (10.4)

88 (11.3)

86 (12.5)

 

  > 3

109 (1.8)

73 (1.6)

25 (3.2)

11 (1.6)

 

 Unknown

737 (12.4)

538 (12)

114 (14.6)

85 (12.4)

 

Median household income, (a thousand dollars)

    

0.017

  < 50

281 (4.7)

202 (4.5)

50 (6.4)

29 (4.2)

 

 50–75

2247 (37.9)

1656 (37.1)

315 (40.4)

276 (40.2)

 

  > 75

3404 (57.4)

2608 (58.4)

415 (53.2)

381 (55.5)

 

Rural urban continuum, n (%)

    

0.793

 Metropolitan counties

5335 (89.9)

4012 (89.8)

701 (89.9)

622 (90.7)

 

 Nonmetropolitan counties

597 (10.1)

454 (10.2)

79 (10.1)

64 (9.3)

 

Status, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

 Alive

2048 (34.5)

1452 (32.5)

322 (41.3)

274 (39.9)

 

 Dead

3884 (65.5)

3014 (67.5)

458 (58.7)

412 (60.1)

 

CSS, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

 Alive or dead of other cause

2715 (45.8)

1951 (43.7)

418 (53.6)

346 (50.4)

 

 Dead (attributable to this cancer)

3217 (54.2)

2515 (56.3)

362 (46.4)

340 (49.6)

 

Survival time (months), median (IQR)

18.0 (4.0, 66.0)

15.0 (4.0, 62.0)

24.0 (4.0, 76.0)

30.0 (6.0, 81.0)

 < 0.001

  1. STR subtotal resection, GTR gross total resection, DLBCL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, CSS cancer-specific survival, IQR interquartile range.
  2. aIncluding: Malignant lymphoma, NOS; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, NOS; B-cell lymphoma (between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, including composite Hodgkin lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma); Malignant lymphoma, small B lymphocytic, NOS (OBS 2012+); Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma; Mantle cell lymphoma; Malignant lymphoma, mixed small & large cell, diffuse (OBS 2010+); Primary effusion lymphoma; Malignant lymphoma, large B-cell, diffuse, immunoblastic (OBS 2012+); Burkitt lymphoma; T-cell histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma; Follicular lymphoma (including grade 1–3); Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT); Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS; Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma; Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-positive; Extranodal NK-/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type; Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm; Precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (OBS 2010+); Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.