Table 2 Association between Dietary Live Microbes Intake and MASLD/MetALD/ALD.

	Crude model		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	OR(95%CI)	P value	OR(95%CI)	P value	OR(95%CI)	P value	OR(95%CI)	P value	OR(95%CI)	P value
MASLD
Moderate	0.91(0.82, 1.002)	0.055	0.82(0.74, 0.92)	< 0.001	0.91(0.82, 1.01)	0.09	0.93(0.84, 1.04)	0.22	0.94(0.84, 1.05)	0.28
High	0.74(0.66, 0.83)	< 0.001	0.74(0.65, 0.84)	< 0.001	0.80(0.71, 0.91)	< 0.001	0.81(0.70, 0.93)	0.004	0.84(0.72, 0.97)	0.02
Trend test		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.004		0.02
MetALD
Moderate	0.89(0.73, 1.08)	0.23	0.84(0.68, 1.02)	0.08	0.91(0.73, 1.12)	0.35	0.92(0.74, 1.14)	0.45	0.92(0.74, 1.14)	0.44
High	0.82(0.66, 1.01)	0.06	0.76(0.61, 0.95)	0.02	0.81(0.65, 1.02)	0.07	0.84(0.66, 1.05)	0.13	0.84(0.67, 1.06)	0.15
Trend test		0.07		0.02		0.07		0.14		0.15
ALD
Moderate	0.65(0.53, 0.80)	< 0.001	0.72(0.58, 0.88)	0.002	0.75(0.57, 0.98)	0.03	0.76(0.58, 1.00)	0.050	0.75(0.57, 0.99)	0.04
High	0.53(0.40, 0.72)	< 0.001	0.69(0.51, 0.94)	0.02	0.73(0.51, 1.05)	0.09	0.76(0.52, 1.10)	0.15	0.77(0.53, 1.11)	0.16
Trend test		< 0.001		0.01		0.07		0.11		0.12

ALD, alcoholic liver disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HEI, healthy eating index; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MetALD, metabolic alcohol-related liver disease; NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; OR, odds ratio; PIR, poverty income ratio. Crude model was the model without adjustment for covariates. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, education level, and PIR. Model 2 was adjusted as for model 1, additionally adjusted for CVD history, physical activity, daily drinking, smoking status, HEI-2015, and NHANES cycles. Model 3 was adjusted as for model 2, additionally adjusted for ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP. Model 4 was adjusted as for model 3, additionally adjusted for HbA1c and TG/HDL-c.

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