Fig. 6 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 6

From: Polyextremotolerant, opportunistic, and melanin-driven resilient black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis in environmental and clinical contexts

Fig. 6The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

(A) Genomic capabilities associated with xenobiotic metabolism, encompassing hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds, and neurotransmitter transformation within selected Exophiala dermatitidis strains. (B) Representation of the key pathways involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds such as phenol, phenanthrene, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, and naphthalene, as well as neurotransmitters including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, with corresponding KO (KEGG Orthology) annotations in the genomes of the selected strains. (C) Cell growth kinetics for the selected strains cultivated in the presence of neurotransmitters (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) and aromatic compounds (phenol, phenanthrene, naphthalene, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol). Panel (A) displays the KO annotations associated with the catabolism of: Aminobenzoate (K14338: cytochrome P450; K10215: monooxygenase; K07824: benzoate 4-monooxygenase; K03380: phenol 2-monooxygenase (NADPH); K01692: enoyl-CoA hydratase; K01512: acylphosphatase; K01501: nitrilase; K01426: amidase; K01101: 4-nitrophenyl phosphatase), Atrazine (K23359: biuret amidohydrolase; K06035: cyanamide hydratase; K01941: urea carboxylase; K01429: urease subunit beta; K01428: urease subunit alpha; K01427: urease), Benzoate (K14334: carboxy-cis, cis-muconate cyclase; K07824: benzoate 4-monooxygenase; K04098: hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase; K03381: catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; K01857: 3-carboxy-cis, cis-muconate cycloisomerase; K01692: enoyl-CoA hydratase; K01607: 4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase; K00626: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; K00252: glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase; K00217: maleylacetate reductase; K00074: 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase), Caprolactam (K03379: cyclohexanone monooxygenase; K01692: enoyl-CoA hydratase; K01053: gluconolactonase), Chloroalkane and chloroalkene (K13953: alcohol dehydrogenase; K08726: soluble epoxide hydrolase; K01560: 2-haloacid dehalogenase; K00148: glutathione-independent formaldehyde dehydrogenase; K00128: aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+); K00121: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase), Chlorocyclohexae and chlorobenzene (K10676: 2,4-dichlorophenol 6-monooxygenase; K06912: alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate dioxygenase; K04098: hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase; K03381: catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; K01560: 2-haloacid dehalogenase; K01061: carboxymethylenebutenolidase; K00217: maleylacetate reductase), Dioxin (K00480: salicylate hydroxylase), Drug metabolism (K13953: alcohol dehydrogenase; K13299: glutathione S-transferase kappa 1; K00799: glutathione S-transferase; K00485: dimethylaniline monooxygenase (N-oxide forming); K00274: monoamine oxidase; K00121: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase), Drug metabolism-other enzymes (K13800: UMP-CMP kinase; K10808: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2; K10807: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M; K03782: catalase-peroxidase; K01951: GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing); K01520: dUTP diphosphatase; K01519: XTP/dITP diphosphohydrolase; K01489: cytidine deaminase; K00940: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase; K00876: uridine kinase; K00799: glutathione S-transferase; K00106: xanthine dehydrogenase; K00088: IMP dehydrogenase), Fluorobenzoate (K03381: catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; K01061: carboxymethylenebutenolidase; K00217: maleylacetate reductase), Metabolism of xenobiotics (K15303: aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase; K13953: alcohol dehydrogenase; K13299: glutathione S-transferase kappa 1; K00799: glutathione S-transferase; K00121: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase; K00079: carbonyl reductase 1; K00078: dihydrodiol dehydrogenase), Naphthalene (K13953: alcohol dehydrogenase; K00480: salicylate hydroxylase; K00121: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase), PAHs (K00480: salicylate hydroxylase), Steroid (K03333: cholesterol oxidase), Styrene (K10438: 3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase; K10437: phenylacetate 2-hydroxylase; K01800: maleylacetoacetate isomerase; K01555: fumarylacetoacetase; K01501: nitrilase; K01426: amidase; K00451: homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase), Toluene (K05797: 4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) flavoprotein subunit; K03381: catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; K03380: phenol 2-monooxygenase (NADPH); K01061: carboxymethylenebutenolidase; K00217: maleylacetate reductase; K00055: aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase), Xylene (K00055: aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase), Tyrosine (K00545: catechol O-methyltransferase; K00274: monoamine oxidase). Neurotransmitter degradation (K14338: cytochrome P450; K00669: arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase; K00545: catechol O-methyltransferase; K00463: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; K00274: monoamine oxidase).

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