Table 2 Equations and values of the input parameters for non-carcinogenic human health risk assessment.
ADDing = (C × IR × EF × ED) / (BW × AT), where ADDing is Average Daily Dose in µg/kg/day due to ingestion pathway ADDderm = (C × SA × Kp × ET × EF × ED × 10−3) / (BW × AT) where ADDderm is Average Daily Dose in µg/kg/day due to dermal pathway HQ = ADD / RfD, where HQ is Hazard Quotient \(\:\mathbf{H}\mathbf{I}=\sum\:_{\varvec{i}=1}^{\varvec{n}}{\mathbf{H}\mathbf{Q}}_{\mathbf{i}}\)where HI is Hazard Index and n = 50 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Symbol | Unit | Male | Female | Child | References | ||
Metal concentrations | C | µg/L | varied according to metals and seasons | Present study | ||||
Ingestion Rate | IR | L/day | 4 | 3 | 2 | |||
Exposure Time | ET | hr/day | 0.58 | 0.58 | 1 | |||
Exposure Frequency | EF | days/year | 350 | |||||
Exposure duration | ED | years | 24 | 24 | 6 | |||
Body Weight | BW | kg | 52.1 | 45.4 | 16.3 | |||
Skin surface area | SA | cm2 | 18,000 | 18,000 | 6600 | |||
Averaging Time | AT | days | 8760 (365 × 24) | 8760 (365 × 24) | 2190 (365 × 6) | |||
Dermal permeability coefficient | Kp | cm/hr | varied according to metals | |||||
Reference Dose | RfD | µg/kg/day | varied according to metals and pathways | |||||
