Table 2 The hazard ratio of the duration of using metformin and sulfonylurea on incident hard CVD events and CVD mortality.

From: Medication time of metformin and sulfonylureas and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in type 2 diabetes: a pooled cohort analysis

Model

Exposure (Medication time in years)

Cox model

Fine-Gray model

Hazard ratio adjusted

95% CI

P value

SHR

95% CI

p-value

Incident hard CVD events

1

Metformin

0.88

0.82,0.95

0.001

0.90

0.82,0.95

0.001

Sulfonylurea

0.94

0.87,1.01

0.11

0.96

0.89,1.02

0.15

Sulfonylurea + Metformin

0.87

0.80,0.95

0.001

0.89

0.82,0.97

0.001

2

Metformin

0.89

0.85,0.94

0.001

0.91

0.87,0.95

0.006

Sulfonylurea

0.95

0.90,1.01

0.085

0.97

0.94,1.01

0.18

Sulfonylurea + Metformin

0.88

0.81,0.95

0.001

0.91

0.88,0.95

0.001

3

Metformin

0.93

0.90,0.97

0.009

0.94

0.90,0.99

0.007

Sulfonylurea

0.96

0.94,0.99

0.043

0.98

0.91,1.05

0.11

Sulfonylurea + Metformin

0.92

0.88,0.97

0.001

0.93

0.89,0.97

0.005

Hypertension medication

0.97

0.96,0.99

0.029

0.97

0.95,0.99

0.035

Statin

0.96

0.94,0.99

0.021

0.97

0.95,0.99

0.029

aspirin

0.97

0.96,0.99

0.032

0.98

0.97,0.99

0.049

CVD mortality

1

Metformin

0.89

0.87,0.94

0.001

0.91

0.86,0.96

0.001

Sulfonylurea

0.94

0.88,0.99

0.028

0.95

0.92,0.99

0.048

Sulfonylurea + Metformin

0.88

0.82,0.95

0.001

0.9

0.84,0.97

0.001

2

Metformin

0.90

0.85,0.98

0.006

0.92

0.87,0.98

0.015

Sulfonylurea

0.95

0.89,1.02

0.087

0.96

0.90,1.03

0.089

Sulfonylurea + Metformin

0.87

0.80,0.95

0.001

0.89

0.83,0.96

0.001

3

Metformin

0.94

0.91,0.98

0.006

0.96

0.94,0.99

0.012

Sulfonylurea

0.96

0.94,0.99

0.049

0.97

0.96,0.99

0.049

Sulfonylurea + Metformin

0.93

0.89,0.98

0.001

0.95

0.93,0.97

0.001

Anti-hypertensive drugs

0.96

0.93,0.99

0.025

0.96

0.93,0.99

0.042

Statin

0.95

0.93,0.98

0.006

0.96

0.93.,0.98

0.011

aspirin

0.96

0.94,0.99

0.012

0.97

0.94,0.99

0.045

  1. Model 1: Crude.
  2. Model 2: Adjusted for Mean of age and Mean of FBS at follow-up.
  3. Model 3: Adjusted for Mean of age, FBS, HDL, LDL, TG, waist, physical activity, statin use, aspirin use, anti-hypertensive, educational level, creatinine, Sex, smoking and Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at follow-up period.
  4. CPH model was used in model 1, 2 and 3.
  5. Fine-Gray model was used to estimate the competing risk effect.