Table 2 Diaphragmatic thickness, diaphragm thickening fraction, sternocleidomastoid muscle activity, and Borg scores at different inspiratory loads (data in mean ± SD or median).
Outcome measures | 30% MIP | 40% MIP | 50% MIP | 60% MIP | 70% MIP | 80% MIP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diaphragm thickness (mm) | Non-affected side | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.3 |
Hemiplegic side | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | |
MD P values (95% CI) | 0.3 < 0.001 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.3 < 0.001 (0.2 to 0.5) | 0.4 < 0.001 (0.2 to 0.7) | 0.3 < 0.001 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.3 < 0.001 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.2 < 0.001 (0.1 to 0.4) | |
DTf (%) | Non-affected side | 42 ± 18 | 58 ± 16 | 84 ± 25 | 56 ± 19 | 35 ± 18 | 27 ± 18 |
Hemiplegic side | 43 ± 18 | 59 ± 19 | 83 ± 24 | 60 ± 18 | 37 ± 15 | 31 ± 16 | |
MD P values (95% CI) | − 1 > 0.99 (− 12 to 11) | − 1 > 0.99 (− 12 to 9) | 1 > 0.99 (− 14 to 17) | − 4 > 0.99 (− 16 to 8) | − 2 > 0.99 (− 12 to 8) | − 3 > 0.99 (− 13 to 8) | |
Sternocleidomastoid muscle activity (%) | non-affected side | 60 ± 21 | 70 ± 19 | 80 ± 20 | 88 ± 19 | 100 ± 20 | 106 ± 20 |
hemiplegic side | 72 ± 25 | 88 ± 23 | 101 ± 25 | 110 ± 25 | 119 ± 24 | 129 ± 26 | |
MD P values (95% CI) | − 12 < 0.05 (− 23 to − 1) | − 18 < 0.001 (− 30 to − 6) | − 21 < 0.05 (− 36 to − 6) | − 22 < 0.05 (− 38 to − 6) | − 19 < 0.05 (− 35 to − 3) | − 23 < 0.05 (− 41 to − 6) | |
Borg scores (scores) | Median | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 |
