Fig. 2

Chlorogenic acid inhibits the prodction of Pseudomonas toxin pyocyanin to protect C. elegans from pathogen infection. (A) 100 µM CGA inhibited the production of PYO. (B) Survival of N2 worms exposed to wild type P. aeruginosa PA14, ΔphzM mutant, and ΔphzM mutant + PYO (25 µg/ml) after CGA treatment. (*P < 0.05; log-rank test). See Table S1 for survival data. (C) The CFUs of N2 worms exposed to wild type P. aeruginosa PA14, ΔphzM mutant, and ΔphzM mutant + PYO (25 µg/ml) after CGA treatment. These results are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. (*P < 0.05, unpaired t-test).