Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants (\(<3\)years disease duration) and their assignment to subgroups of increasing pain impairment. Table 1 summarizes the baseline characteristics of the 4,159 study participants with disease duration \(<3\) years. Participants were assigned to five clusters identified from the longitudinal trajectories of patient-reported pain in our prior work, with Class 1 subjects having no pain over time and class 5 subjects having severe pain over time (see supplementary Fig. S1). Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range. *Patient-reported pain (pain/discomfort component of the EQ-5D-5 L) is an ordinal measure ranging from 0 to 4, indicating no pain to extreme pain. The reported values are the values at the start of the trajectory (see supplementary Fig. S1).
From: Exploring the early drivers of pain in Parkinson’s disease
Total | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | Class 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 4,159 | 935 | 1,635 | 772 | 720 | 97 |
Age (years; mean; SD) | 65.0 (9.3) | 65.9 (9.0) | 65.2 (8.8) | 64.3 (9.3) | 64.0 (10.2) | 60.9 (9.7) |
Female (%) | 46.0 | 40.9 | 45.8 | 47.4 | 51.7 | 47.4 |
BMI (\(\text{kg/m}^{2}\) mean; SD) | 26.9 (5.3) | 25.6 (4.0) | 26.5 (4.9) | 27.5 (5.4) | 28.5 (6.3) | 30. 8 (7.0) |
Veteran (%) | 16.2 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 19.6 |
Baseline pain (median; IQR)* | 1 [1] | 0 [0] | 1 [1] | 1 [1] | 2 [0] | 3 [1] |
OFF Episodes = Yes (%) | 700 (38.5) | 113 (26.8) | 209 (31.8) | 174 (44.5) | 178 (59.7) | 26 (54.2) |
Current Medication for PD = Yes (%) | 3,423 (82.4) | 738 (78.9) | 1,317 (80.6) | 660 (85.8) | 620 (86.5) | 88 (91.7) |
Current Arthritis = Yes (%) | 1,740 (42.0) | 216 (23.2) | 630 (38.7) | 365 (47.5) | 458 (64.0) | 71 (74.7) |
Mobility (%) | ||||||
None | 1,812 (43.6) | 624 (66.7) | 804 (49.2) | 257 (33.3) | 117 (16.3) | 10 (10.3) |
Slight | 1,675 (40.3) | 266 (28.4) | 683 (41.8) | 360 (46.7) | 335 (46.6) | 31 (32.0) |
Moderate | 568 (13.7) | 42 (4.5) | 134 (8.2) | 137 (17.8) | 214 (29.8) | 41 (42.3) |
Severe | 94 (2.3) | 3 (0.3) | 12 (0.7) | 16 (2.1) | 49 (6.8) | 14 (14.4) |
Extreme | 8 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.6) | 1 (1.0) |
Memory Problems = Yes (%) | 1,122 (27.1) | 169 (18.1) | 403 (24.7) | 228 (29.7) | 271 (37.8) | 51 (54.3) |
