Table 2 Suggestive associations identified by comparing the class with the highest pain impairment (class 5; severe pain trajectory) to the class reporting no pain impairment over time (class 1). The results from the genome-wide association study (\(p<2\times{10}^{-6}\)) comparing participants assigned to the two most extreme pain trajectory classes (class 1 [reference] and class 5), adjusting for age, sex, and the first three multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) components. Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; MAF: minor allele frequency; CI: confidence interval. *Genes within +/-25 kilobases (kb).

From: Exploring the early drivers of pain in Parkinson’s disease

Chromosome

Base pair

position (hg38)

SNP

Risk

allele

MAF

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Nearest Gene*

6

130,562,453

rs117108018

C

0.013

8.96 (3.89, 20.61)

\(2.53\times{10}^{-7}\)

Y_RNA (< 12 kb 5’)

10

48,354,205

rs72794357

A

0.035

4.61 (2.49, 8.54)

\(1.21\times{10}^{-6}\)

MAPK8 (intronic)

9

2,657,752

rs4741753

G

0.314

2.24 (1.62, 3.10)

\(1.24\times{10}^{-6}\)

VLDLR (3’ UTR)

2

140,207,013

rs4954824

A

0.260

2.21 (1.60, 3.05)

\(1.73\times{10}^{-6}\)

AC092156.3 (< 10 kb)

LRP1B (< 25 kb 3’)

2

140,193,047

rs964037

A

0.260

2.20 (1.59, 3.05)

\(1.77\times{10}^{-6}\)

AC092156.3 (< 24 kb)

9

73,741,640

rs77599163

T

0.028

4.82 (2.53, 9.20)

\(1.78\times{10}^{-6}\)

RNA5SP286 (< 10 kb)

12

115,348,208

rs11067544

A

0.058

3.26 (2.01, 4.76)

\(1.95\times{10}^{-6}\)

RP11-116D17.1 (< 15 kb)