Table 2 Characteristics of instrumental variables for rosacea.

	SNP	EA	OA	Sample size	SE	β	EAF	P value	R²*	F-statistic**	Reasons for exclusion after using PhenoScanner V2
1	rs5744109	G	A	431,664	0.0478	0.2354	0.0864	8.35E-07	0.87%	3809.47
2	rs1093515	C	T	431,664	0.0537	− 0.2497	0.9333	3.28E-06	0.78%	3377.05
3	rs183330282	T	G	431,664	0.0627	− 0.2880	0.0667	4.35E-06	1.03%	4501.70
4	rs13099497	G	A	431,664	0.0296	0.1359	0.3472	4.42E-06	0.84%	3644.66
5	rs3101056	T	C	431,664	0.1016	0.4645	0.9717	4.88E-06	1.19%	5191.63
6	rs11741255	A	G	431,664	0.0302	0.1591	0.3174	1.37E-07	1.10%	4786.71	Allergic disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease
7	rs118056540	T	C	431,664	0.1318	− 0.6224	0.0174	2.32E-06	1.33%	5808.84
8	rs34693947	A	G	431,664	0.0457	0.2221	0.0988	1.17E-06	0.88%	3824.82
9	rs9649741	G	A	431,664	0.0292	0.1639	0.3582	2.07E-08	1.24%	5401.48
10	rs77269455	A	T	431,664	0.1274	0.6740	0.0086	1.23E-07	0.78%	3374.98
11	rs34403729	G	A	431,664	0.0325	− 0.1682	0.2825	2.28E-07	1.15%	5004.94
12	rs144869084	T	C	431,664	0.0590	0.2913	0.0522	8.08E-07	0.84%	3655.59
13	rs476707	C	T	431,664	0.0294	− 0.1367	0.6218	3.26E-06	0.88%	3826.11
14	rs4603353	A	C	431,664	0.0460	0.2155	0.8767	2.87E-06	1.00%	4376.61
15	rs186294774	A	T	431,664	0.1307	− 0.6987	0.0182	9.03E-08	1.74%	7662.92
16	rs7222401	A	G	431,664	0.0718	− 0.3531	0.0518	8.68E-07	1.23%	5356.06
17	rs12610552	A	G	431,664	0.0522	0.2418	0.0705	3.53E-06	0.77%	3332.68

SNP:single nucleotide polymorphisms; EA: effect allele; OA: other allele; EAF: effect allele frequency; SE, standard error.
NOTE: *R² = [2 × β² × EAF × (1 − EAF)]/[2 × β² × EAF × (1 − EAF) + (SE × β)² × 2 × n × EAF × (1 − EAF)]; **F-statistic = [R² × (n − 2)]/(1 − R²).
R², the proportion of exposed variability explained by individual genetic instrument; EAF, the effect allele frequency; β, the estimated effect of SNP; n, the sample size of the exposure of GWAS.

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