Fig. 2

Behavioural, biochemical parameters, and metabolic risk factors. (a) Occupation related behaviour –sitting > 8 h/day; Shift work (outside 9.00 AM to 5.00 PM); sleeping < 7 h/ day; Perceived Stress Score (PSS-4) ≥ 10; (b) Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity – Consumption of SSBs, High-Fat Diet, High-Salt Diet, High-Sugar Diet and Low-Fibre consumption; Physical Inactivity: having < 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity/week. (c) Biochemical parameters – HOMA-IR Ratio > 2.5²⁹; TC ≥ 200 mg/dL; LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL; VLDL-C > 30 mg/dL; Fasting Insulin > 24.9 mlU/L; TC/HDL Ratio > 3.5; TG/HDL Ratio > 2.5³⁰. (d) Liver enzymes and proteins – Total Bilirubin > 1.0 mg/dL; Direct Bilirubin > 0.2 mg/dL; ALT > 34 U/L; AST > 31 U/L; ALP > 105 U/L; Total Proteins > 8.3 gm/dL; Albumin > 5.3 gm/dL; Globulin > 3.5 gm/dL³¹. (e) Metabolic risk factors (MetS) – BP ≥ 130/85 mmHg; HDL-C in Men: < 40 mg/dL and Women: < 50 mg/dL; TG ≥ 150 mg/dL; FBG ≥ 100 mg/dL; WC in Men: ≥ 90 cm and Women: ≥ 80 cm³².