Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Distinct foliar fungal communities in Pinus contorta across native and introduced ranges: evidence for context dependency of pathogen release

Fig. 4

A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showing the results of a PERMANOVA test evaluating differences in community composition of (a) all fungi, (b, c) plant pathogens, (d) endophytes, (e) epiphytes, (f) saprotrophs, (g) “others” and (h) fungi with unknown ecology associated with Pinus contorta needles in introduced plantations and invasion fronts growing from plantations in Patagonia. Results of the PERMANOVA are reported in Table S5, with α = 0.05 indicating statistically significant differences.

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