Table 4 The levels of heavy metals (median ± IQR)* in relation to significant features between exposed and non- exposed to SHS groups.

From: Relationships of the serum levels of toxic trace elements in pregnant women versus exposure to second-hand smoke

Features

Se

Zn

Cu

Fe

As

Cd

Cr

Hg

Ni

Pb

Age

<= 35

59.8 ± 33.4

78.6 ± 54.4

355.6 ± 709.4

367.2 ± 707.0

91.8 ± 61.7

103.3 ± 89.0

96.4 ± 85.1

65.3 ± 112.5

5.4 ± 1.2

5.1 ± 1.0

0.4 ± 0.5

0.6 ± 0.5

28.6 ± 11.4

32.8 ± 15.5

0.3 ± 0.6

0.4 ± 0.5

44.8 ± 14.8

51.1 ± 25.8

4.5 ± 7.0

6.8 ± 8.6

> 35

75.4 ± 35.0

68.8 ± 42.6

659.0 ± 494.0

255.0 ± 532.9

114.9 ± 177

118.9 ± 58.6

96.1 ± 121.0

92.6 ± 91.5

5.8 ± 6.1

5.2 ± 1.6

0.6 ± 0.6

0.6 ± 0.5

27.2 ± 8.9

33.3 ± 9.4

0.5 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.5

44.3 ± 8.6

52.4 ± 24.3

6.3 ± 11.9

6.4 ± 13.3

p-value

0.29

0.36

0.68

0.42

0.30

0.97

0.91

0.21

0.48

0.59

0.12

0.62

0.88

0.33

0.52

0.04*

0.73

0.22

0.50

0.62

Type of

Delivery

C-Section

85.0 ± 40.5

78.6 ± 60.7

659.0 ± 794.0

281.7 ± 584.7

101.3 ± 325

117.3 ± 84.2

95.3 ± 67.1

65.3 ± 129.5

5.7 ± 5.8

5.1 ± 0.8

0.4 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.4

33.2 ± 15.3

33.1 ± 16.1

0.6 ± 1.2

0.5 ± 0.6

50.6 ± 25.4

51.4 ± 22.0

8.8 ± 9.9

4.4 ± 8.6

Natural

59.8 ± 26.4

72.1 ± 47.7

360.0 ± 694.7

419.2 ± 555.1

91.8 ± 63.8

100.9 ± 60.3

96.8 ± 114.3

77.8 ± 92.7

5.4 ± 1.1

5.5 ± 4.1

0.4 ± 0.6

0.5 ± 0.5

27.6 ± 9.4

32.2 ± 13.0

0.3 ± 0.4

0.5 ± 0.4

44.7 ± 11.9

49.9 ± 21.3

4.3 ± 8.1

8.6 ± 9.7

p-value

0.34

0.45

0.44

0.41

0.36

0.94

0.75

0.93

0.29

0.07

0.89

0.22

0.34

0.25

0.19

0.97

0.49

0.27

0.21

0.07

Level of education

Illiterate

61.2 ± 22.0

156.7 ± 141

357.0 ± 538.9

409.4 ± 466.1

65.2 ± 29.8

125.3 ± 15.3

95.3 ± 163.7

175.6 ± 274

5.8 ± 6.9

5.8 ± 3.0

0.7 ± 0.6

0.7 ± 2.0

18.9 ± 10.8

27.5 ± 16.9

0.2 ± 0.5

0.7 ± 0.5

27.9 ± 18.2

46.3 ± 27.8

8.6 ± 9.02

6.0 ± 14.0

Primary school

65.9 ± 46.7

86.3 ± 57.1

890.3 ± 918.0

200.6 ± 280.8

98.9 ± 58.8

114.2 ± 91.9

96.1 ± 100.5

81.5 ± 58.4

5.4 ± 1.4

5.4 ± 4.1

0.4 ± 0.5

0.5 ± 0.5

36.2 ± 14.0

31.8 ± 8.9

0.2 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.5

54.9 ± 18.7

50.5 ± 24.5

4.2 ± 4.2

8.9 ± 14.5

High school

59.6 ± 76.7

75.2 ± 42.5

322.5 ± 818.1

281.7 ± 658.3

92.3 ± 68.9

129.2 ± 68.2

108.6 ± 142

79.2 ± 108.8

5.2 ± 0.82

5.6 ± 7.9

0.2 ± 0.5

0.6 ± 0.3

24.7 ± 12.7

33.9 ± 5.8

0.2 ± 0.4

0.4 ± 0.4

40.7 ± 22.8

55.0 ± 10.3

8.4 ± 8.1

6.8 ± 8.5

Diploma

57.3 ± 34.4

66.7 ± 65.5

276.4 ± 568.4

666.6 ± 467.6

103.0 ± 61.0

101.3 ± 119

69.5 ± 104.0

31.8 ± 125.1

5.3 ± 3.4

4.9 ± 1.06

0.4 ± 0.5

0.7 ± 0.6

29.7 ± 8.5

30.9 ± 13.3

0.5 ± 0.6

0.5 ± 0.6

44.8 ± 4.0

49.6 ± 24.8

4.7 ± 8.0

7.6 ± 13.8

College

66.7 ± 23.2

73.6 ± 46.3

659.0 ± 557.0

367.8 ± 751.2

142.9 ± 184

100.5 ± 65.6

106.3 ± 96.3

65.6 ± 75.4

5.5 ± 5.9

5.1 ± 0.78

0.6 ± 0.5

0.6 ± 0.5

27.2 ± 8.5

35.3 ± 20.0

0.5 ± 0.4

0.4 ± 0.5

48.5 ± 17.6

56.0 ± 28.1

4.4 ± 10.8

5.0 ± 8.2

p-value

0.94

0.26

0.76

0.18

0.19

0.79

0.86

0.41

0.65

0.15

0.21

0.93

0.08

0.26

0.61

0.51

0.11

0.50

0.50

0.69

  1. *Significant test in level 0.05, Mean ± standard deviations presented in First row is for non- SHS exposed group and Mean ± standard deviations presented in second row is for SHS exposed group, followed by a statistical comparison between the groups.
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