Table 1 Characteristics of participants.

Age, years

48.89 (0.34)

48.07 (0.37)

46.15 (0.28)

44.50 (0.28)

40.90 (0.33)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

29.98 (0.18)

28.62 (0.16)

28.19 (0.12)

27.81 (0.11)

27.81 (0.10)

< 0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.46 (0.02)

13.58 (0.02)

14.27 (0.02)

14.93 (0.02)

16.01 (0.02)

< 0.001

Red cell distribution width, %

14.53 (0.03)

13.10 (0.02)

12.75 (0.01)

12.49 (0.01)

12.16 (0.01)

< 0.001

Red blood cell count (Million cells/µL)

4.38 (0.01)

4.48 (0.01)

4.65 (0.01)

4.83 (0.01)

5.14 (0.01)

< 0.001

Platelet count (1000 cells/µL)

269.65 (1.66)

254.43 (1.32)

254.22 (1.33)

252.72 (1.24)

249.79 (0.95)

< 0.001

HRR

0.87 (0.00)

1.04 (0.00)

1.12 (0.00)

1.20 (0.00)

1.32 (0.00)

< 0.001

Sex, %

< 0.001

 Male

1,375 (18.90%)

2,069 (27.48%)

2,845 (43.77%)

3,976 (62.68%)

5,083 (86.69%)

 Female

4,308 (81.10%)

3,795 (72.52%)

2,840 (56.23%)

1,844 (37.32%)

690 (13.31%)

Race, %

< 0.001

 Other/multiracial

1,730 (19.38%)

1,848 (17.25%)

1,865 (17.33%)

1,849 (16.47%)

1,908 (17.40%)

 Non-hispanic black

2,109 (23.29%)

1,371 (12.12%)

860 (7.29%)

705 (5.56%)

438 (3.46%)

 Non-hispanic white

1,844 (57.33%)

2,645 (70.63%)

2,960 (75.37%)

3,266 (77.97%)

3,427 (79.14%)

Alcohol use, %

< 0.001

 Non drinker

989 (14.19%)

832 (11.52%)

678 (9.91%)

526 (7.97%)

428 (7.23%)

 Drinker

4,694 (85.81%)

5,032 (88.48%)

5,007 (90.09%)

5,294 (92.03%)

5,345 (92.77%)

Smoke status, %

< 0.001

 Never

3,452 (60.27%)

3,327 (57.12%)

3,099 (55.29%)

2,927 (51.76%)

2,658 (47.25%)

 Former

1,308 (23.70%)

1,503 (25.96%)

1,394 (23.92%)

1,544 (26.06%)

1,452 (24.19%)

 Now

923 (16.04%)

1,034 (16.91%)

1,192 (20.79%)

1,349 (22.18%)

1,663 (28.56%)

Education attainment, %

< 0.001

 High school or below

2,558 (39.09%)

2,530 (35.42%)

2,369 (34.30%)

2,518 (35.52%)

2,651 (39.81%)

 College graduate or above

3,125 (60.91%)

3,334 (64.58%)

3,316 (65.70%)

3,302 (64.48%)

3,122 (60.19%)

Income level, %

< 0.001

 Poor

1,221 (16.13%)

1,089 (12.67%)

927 (10.68%)

961 (10.43%)

951 (10.71%)

 Not poor

4,462 (83.87%)

4,775 (87.33%)

4,758 (89.32%)

4,859 (89.57%)

4,822 (89.29%)

Cancer, %

653 (12.40%)

587 (10.46%)

483 (9.13%)

429 (7.06%)

323 (5.09%)

< 0.001

Cardiovascular disease, %

760 (10.63%)

596 (8.12%)

476 (6.66%)

396 (5.00%)

321 (4.54%)

< 0.001

Diabetes, %

977 (12.66%)

717 (8.82%)

546 (7.56%)

462 (5.49%)

334 (4.32%)

< 0.001

Physical activity (MET × min/week)

2,883.05 (80.39)

3,143.51 (92.73)

3,223.78 (104.46)

3,041.63 (98.83)

2,856.01 (107.62)

< 0.001