Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the groups stratified based on a history of ACVD or a renal etiology of DN.
ACVD (N = 17,413) | No ACVD (N = 50,941) | SD, % | DN (N = 22,673) | No DN (N = 45,681) | SD, % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.6 ± 10.3 | 64.5 ± 12.6 | 44.4 | 66.6 ± 10.7 | 65.4 ± 12.9 | 10.1 |
Men (%) | 66.8 | 59.3 | 15.5 | 67.2 | 58.2 | 18.7 |
Dialysis vintage (month) | 71 (38–125) | 80 (41–146) | 16.2 | 54 (31–88) | 97 (48–173) | 77.4 |
Dialysis time (hour/week) | 11.9 ± 1.4 | 12.1 ± 1.4 | 10.9 | 11.9 ± 1.3 | 12.1 ± 1.4 | 14.6 |
Hemodiafiltration (%) | 6.7 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 8.5 | 13.5 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.4 ± 4.7 | 21.4 ± 3.8 | 0.6 | 22.3 ± 4.1 | 21.0 ± 3.9 | 34.2 |
Kt/V | 1.41 ± 0.28 | 1.46 ± 0.29 | 17.2 | 1.37 ± 0.27 | 1.49 ± 0.29 | 43.8 |
nPCR (g/kg/day) | 0.86 ± 0.17 | 0.90 ± 0.17 | 24.1 | 0.85 ± 0.17 | 0.91 ± 0.17 | 33.5 |
Cause of kidney failure (%) | ||||||
Glomerulonephritis | 29.9 | 44.8 | 31.3 | 0.0 | 61.4 | |
Diabetes | 47.7 | 28.2 | 40.9 | 100.0 | 0.0 | |
Hypertension | 7.9 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 9.9 | |
Polycystic kidney disease | 2.8 | 4.1 | 7.4 | 0.0 | 5.6 | |
Others | 6.0 | 7.6 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 10.8 | |
Unknown | 5.8 | 9.1 | 12.4 | 0.0 | 12.3 | |
Past history (%) | ||||||
Myocardial infarction | 34.4 | 0.0 | 13.1 | 6.6 | 22.0 | |
Cerebral hemorrhage | 8.9 | 4.3 | 18.7 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 3.1 |
Cerebral infarction | 62.0 | 0.0 | 21.7 | 12.9 | 23.4 | |
Amputation | 12.0 | 0.0 | 6.8 | 1.2 | 28.9 | |
Fracture | 3.7 | 2.0 | 10.1 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
PTx | 4.9 | 7.5 | 10.8 | 1.4 | 9.6 | 36.8 |
PEIT | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 13.0 |
Laboratory test | ||||||
Corrected calcium (mg/dL) | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 2.4 | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 9.4 ± 0.9 | 20.4 |
Phosphate (mg/dL) | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 14.4 | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 7.6 |
Intact PTH (pg/mL) | 121 (63–198) | 127 (67–210) | 7.1 | 114 (60–187) | 132 (70–218) | 19.3 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 24.2 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 4.5 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 10.1 ± 2.6 | 11.1 ± 2.7 | 38.3 | 10.2 ± 2.6 | 11.2 ± 2.8 | 39.2 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 11.9 | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 1.6 |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.6 ± 1.2 | 10.7 ± 1.2 | 5.0 | 10.7 ± 1.2 | 10.7 ± 1.2 | 3.2 |
Magnesium (mg/dL) | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 14.0 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.4 |
ALP (IU/L) | 263 ± 119 | 256 ± 134 | 5.8 | 256 ± 123 | 258 ± 134 | 1.2 |
Medication (%) | ||||||
Calcium carbonate | 60.8 | 65.8 | 10.4 | 65.3 | 64.1 | 2.5 |
Sevelamer | 28.2 | 35.3 | 15.4 | 27.6 | 36.4 | 19.1 |
Lanthanum carbonate | 12.4 | 16.2 | 10.8 | 13.4 | 16.2 | 7.8 |
Other phosphate binders | 3.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 6.0 |
Oral VDRA | 38.1 | 39.5 | 2.8 | 40.0 | 38.7 | 2.8 |
Intravenous VDRA | 27.8 | 31.3 | 7.7 | 23.3 | 34.0 | 23.7 |
Cinacalcet | 11.9 | 15.5 | 10.7 | 7.3 | 18.2 | 33.1 |
Dialysate calcium (%) | ||||||
<2.75 mEq/L | 37.3 | 37.8 | 1.0 | 38.5 | 37.2 | 2.6 |
2.75-<3.0 mEq/L | 8.5 | 8.7 | 0.6 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 4.0 |
3.0- mEq/L | 50.2 | 49.6 | 1.2 | 49.8 | 49.7 | 0.0 |
Acetate-free dialysis | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 0.9 |
Performance status (%) | ||||||
Grade 0 | 34.1 | 55.0 | 43.0 | 41.8 | 53.5 | 23.6 |
Grade 1 | 31.8 | 31.2 | 1.3 | 32.4 | 30.9 | 3.2 |
Grade 2 | 18.8 | 8.9 | 28.8 | 15.1 | 9.6 | 16.7 |
Grade 3 | 9.5 | 3.4 | 25.0 | 7.2 | 3.9 | 14.4 |
Grade 4 | 5.8 | 1.5 | 23.3 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 9.0 |
