Table 2 Observed clinical outcomes.

From: Comparative analysis of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants born in Japan and born to mothers of Japanese ethnicity in California

Outcomes

Infants born in Japan

(N = 52,049)

Infants born to mothers who were born in Japan

(N = 115)

Infants born to mothers who were born outside of Japan

(N = 226)

Infants born in California to non-Hispanic White mothers

(N = 12,275)

n

(%)

n

(%)

OR (95% CL)*

n

(%)

OR (95% CL)*

n

(%)

OR (95% CL)*

Delivery room death

196

(0.4)

 < 12

NR + 

NR (2.2,22.5)

 < 12

NR + 

NR (5.5′21.7)

519

(4.2)

11.7 (9.9, 13.8)

Mortality1

2561

(5.1)

12

(10.7)

2.2 (1.2, 4.1)

17

(7.9)

1.6 (0.9, 2.6)

880

(7.5)

1.5 (1.4, 1.6)

NEC1

842

(1.7)

 < 12

NR + 

NR (1.1,6.6)

 < 12

NR + 

NR (1.5,5.3)

385

(3.3)

2.0 (1.7, 2.2)

SIP1

1119

(2.3)

 < 12

NR + 

NR (0.6,4.3)

 < 12

NR + 

NR (.3,3.5)

230

(2.0)

0.9 (0.7, 1.0)

NEC or SIP1

1775

(3.6)

 < 12

NR + 

NR (1.0,4.3)

16

(7.4)

2.1 (1.3, 3.6)

539

(4.6)

1.3 (1.2, 1.4)

Death or NEC

3149

(6.1)

19

(16.5)

3.1 (1.9, 5.0)

32

(14.2)

2.6 (1.8, 3.7)

1691

(13.8)

2.5 (2.3, 2.6)

  1. NEC: necrotizing enterocolitis, SIP: spontanous intestinal perforation.
  2. *Comparing with infants born in Japan (unadjusted logistic regression).
  3. **Comparing with infants born to mothers who were born in Japan (unadjusted logistic regression).
  4. 1Clinical outcomes were computed from infants without delivery room death (unadjusted logistic regression).
  5. As required by CPHS/HCAI guidelines, we are unable to report % or OR for cells less than 12.
  6. NR + indicates a % value higher than the reference.
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