Fig. 1

Block diagram of the multi-class heart disease classification model by utilizing Noise Filtering (NF), Moving Average Filter (MAF), Pan Tompkins Algorithm (PTA), Algebraic Integer quantized Stationary Wavelet Transform (AI-SWT), Low-rank Kernelized Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (LK-DBSCAN), Heming Wayed Polar Bear Optimization (HeWaPBO), and C squared Pool Sign BI-power-activated Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CP-SBI-DCNN) techniques.