Table 1 The characteristics of participants with and without cognitive impairment.

From: Blood predictive biomarkers for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study in China

 

With cognitive impairment (n = 507)

Without cognitive impairment (n = 2299)

p value

Age, y (median ± IQR)

67.00 ± 3.50

67.00 ± 3.00

0.030

Gender, male (%)

183 (36.01)

963 (41.89)

0.019

Smoker, n (%)

135 (26.63)

505 (21.97)

0.027

Alcohol drinker, n (%)

178 (35.11)

652 (28.36)

0.003

Education level, n (%)

  

 < 0.001

 No education

379 (74.75)

771 (33.54)

 

 Primary educational level

22 (4.34)

293 (12.75)

 

 Middle educational level

79 (15.58)

861 (37.45)

 

 High educational level

27 (5.33)

374 (16.27)

 

BMI level, n (%)

  

0.023

 Underweight

10 (1.97)

29 (1.26)

 

 Normal weight

221 (43.59)

873 (37.97)

 

 Overweight

210 (41.42)

1005 (43.72)

 

 Obesity

66 (13.02)

392 (17.05)

 

RBC, 1012/L (mean ± SD)

4.648 ± 0.481

4.799 ± 0.486

 < 0.001

Hb, g/L (mean ± SD)

140.755 ± 12.990

146.631 ± 13.618

 < 0.001

MCH, pg (mean ± SD)

30.474 ± 1.993

30.763 ± 2.079

0.003

MCHC, g/L (mean ± SD)

326.335 ± 8.840

329.445 ± 9.693

 < 0.001

Platelet, 109/L (mean ± SD)

175.969 ± 61.507

190.858 ± 57.110

 < 0.001

WBC, 109/L (mean ± SD)

5.808 ± 1.360

5.559 ± 1.382

 < 0.001

NC, 109/L (mean ± SD)

3.576 ± 1.087

3.343 ± 1.063

 < 0.001

MC, 109/L (mean ± SD)

0.330 ± 0.115

0.316 ± 0.129

0.012

LC, 109/L (mean ± SD)

1.730 ± 0.522

1.739 ± 0.530

0.713

Triglyceride, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

1.661 ± 0.879

1.664 ± 0.863

0.940

LDL, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

2.949 ± 0.683

3.110 ± 0.755

 < 0.001

HDL, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

1.734 ± 0.440

1.960 ± 0.476

 < 0.001

Cholesterol, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

5.308 ± 0.932

5.588 ± 1.037

 < 0.001

total protein, g/L (mean ± SD)

75.278 ± 4.689

78.830 ± 4.799

 < 0.001

globulin, g/L (mean ± SD)

28.364 ± 4.441

31.440 ± 4.183

 < 0.001

albumin, g/L (mean ± SD)

46.930 ± 2.681

47.384 ± 2.762

 < 0.001

albumin to globulin ratio (mean ± SD)

1.690 ± 0.287

1.535 ± 0.235

 < 0.001

GT, IU/L (mean ± SD)

29.821 ± 24.012

27.870 ± 21.798

0.093

ALT, IU/L (mean ± SD)

23.807 ± 12.609

24.356 ± 13.545

0.381

AST, IU/L (mean ± SD)

27.647 ± 9.496

26.997 ± 8.822

0.158

LDH, IU/L (mean ± SD)

199.748 ± 33.565

191.049 ± 32.209

 < 0.001

ALP, IU/L (mean ± SD)

94.182 ± 24.896

82.451 ± 21.578

 < 0.001

HBDH, IU/L (mean ± SD)

164.779 ± 28.943

159.314 ± 28.037

 < 0.001

CK, IU/L (mean ± SD)

114.990 ± 48.910

111.294 ± 48.397

0.123

Total bilirubin, umol/L (mean ± SD)

16.085 ± 6.100

18.655 ± 5.741

 < 0.001

Direct bilirubin, umol/L (mean ± SD)

3.643 ± 1.787

4.665 ± 1.758

 < 0.001

Indirect bilirubin, umol/L (mean ± SD)

12.446 ± 4.872

13.985 ± 4.382

 < 0.001

Bile acid, umol/L (mean ± SD)

3.847 ± 3.630

4.604 ± 3.825

 < 0.001

Potassium, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

4.104 ± 0.342

4.121 ± 0.312

0.303

Sodium, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

141.382 ± 2.304

140.363 ± 2.001

 < 0.001

Calcium, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

2.397 ± 0.111

2.463 ± 0.095

 < 0.001

Magnesium, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

0.943 ± 0.090

0.891 ± 0.069

 < 0.001

Chloride, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

105.266 ± 2.707

103.849 ± 2.411

 < 0.001

Inorganic phosphate, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

1.005 ± 0.172

1.084 ± 0.162

 < 0.001

Urea, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

5.674 ± 1.400

5.570 ± 1.398

0.130

Uric acid, umol/L (mean ± SD)

317.668 ± 76.551

329.814 ± 77.169

0.001

Creatinine, umol/L (mean ± SD)

60.727 ± 13.331

65.543 ± 14.179

 < 0.001

Cystatin C, mg/L, (mean ± SD)

0.817 ± 0.183

0.837 ± 0.152

0.022

Fasting glucose, mmol/L (mean ± SD)

5.820 ± 1.403

5.800 ± 1.230

0.768

TyG index (mean ± SD)

1.444 ± 0.536

1.452 ± 0.536

0.780

NLR (mean ± SD)

2.223 ± 0.895

2.060 ± 0.818

 < 0.001

MHR (mean ± SD)

0.206 ± 0.101

0.176 ± 0.104

 < 0.001

NHR (mean ± SD)

2.193 ± 0.881

1.834 ± 0.805

 < 0.001

LHR (mean ± SD)

1.064 ± 0.433

0.947 ± 0.396

 < 0.001

PHR (mean ± SD)

106.530 ± 43.990

102.891 ± 39.142

0.086

SII (mean ± SD)

386.678 ± 201.555

392.492 ± 195.237

0.555

SIRI (mean ± SD)

0.748 ± 0.436

0.664 ± 0.417

 < 0.001

AISI (mean ± SD)

132.369 ± 95.446

129.383 ± 97.113

0.525

  1. IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; RBC, red blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; WBC, white blood cell; NC, neutrophil count; MC, monocyte; LC, lymphocyte; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; GT, glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; HBDH, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; NHR = neutrophil/HDL ratio; MHR = monocyte/HDL ratio; LHR = lymphocyte/HDL ratio; PHR = platelet/HDL ratio; SII = platelet × neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; SIRI = monocyte × neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; AISI = neutrophil × platelet × monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio; TyG index = ln (Triglyceride × Fasting plasma glucose).
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