Fig. 6

(A) Chord diagram illustrating the correlations between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and various microbial genera, along with significant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes. The analysis reveals strong correlations between the genus Bacteroides and multiple MGEs, such as ISEc36 and ISKpn6, while Clostridium showed notable associations with IS116 and ISKpn26. Escherichia, Spirochaeta, and Actinomyces also exhibited significant links to various MGEs, indicating their roles in genetic dissemination. The diagram further highlights the interactions between these bacterial taxa and significant ARGs and virulence genes, underscoring the potential for widespread genetic exchange within microbial communities. (B) Relative abundance plot illustrating the distribution of microbial phyla associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) across different samples. Pseudomonadota was the most abundant phylum, particularly in Chicken Gut and Fish Intestine. Actinomycetota exhibited high prevalence in Feed and Sediment, while Bacillota was notably abundant in Sediment and Droppings. Bacteroidota was also significant in Droppings and Fish Intestine. Other phyla, such as Thermodesulfobacteriota and Spirochaetota, showed lower abundance, with Mycoplasmatota and Campylobacterota being nearly absent across all samples.