Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to acute tICH expansion of the development dataset.
Variables | Total (n = 640) | Acute tICH expansion | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 341) | Yes (n = 299) | |||
Demographics and clinical variables | ||||
Male sex, n (%) | 505 (78.9) | 270 (79.2) | 235 (78.6) | 0.857 |
Age, years, Mean ± SD | 50.2 ± 18.0 | 48.5 ± 17.8 | 52.2 ± 18.2 | 0.01 |
Cause of injury, n (%), | 0.04 | |||
Violence | 41 (6.4) | 21 (6.2) | 20 (6.7) | |
Fall | 256 (40.0) | 152 (44.6) | 104 (34.8) | |
Motor vehicle | 343 (53.6) | 168 (49.3) | 175 (58.5) | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 80 (12.5) | 39 (11.4) | 41 (13.7) | 0.385 |
MAP, mmHg, Mean ± SD | 100.2 ± 17.7 | 99.3 ± 16.5 | 101.2 ± 18.9 | 0.188 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 35 (5.5) | 17 (5) | 18 (6) | 0.566 |
Smoking, n (%) | 100 (15.6) | 54 (15.8) | 46 (15.4) | 0.875 |
Drinking, n (%) | 69 (10.8) | 44 (12.9) | 25 (8.4) | 0.065 |
Level on Glasgow Coma Scale score, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Mild (13–15 points) | 369 (57.7) | 228 (67.1) | 141 (47.2) | |
Moderate (9–12 points) | 113 (17.7) | 49 (14.4) | 64 (21.4) | |
Severe (3–8 points) | 157 (24.6) | 63 (18.5) | 94 (31.4) | |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 27 (4.2) | 5 (1.5) | 22 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
Imaging variables | ||||
Intraventricular hemorrhage, n (%) | 47 (7.3) | 17 (5.0) | 30 (10.0) | 0.035 |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, n (%) | 456 (71.4) | 218 (64.1) | 238 (79.6) | < 0.001 |
Subdural hemorrhage, n (%) | 176 (28.1) | 62 (18.8) | 114 (38.4) | < 0.001 |
Epidural hematoma, n (%) | 94 (14.8) | 55 (16.2) | 39 (13.1) | 0.265 |
Encephalatrophy, n (%) | 31 (4.9) | 16 (4.7) | 15 (5) | 0.868 |
Location of contusion, n (%) | 0.134 | |||
Frontal | 297 (49.0) | 155 (47.7) | 142 (50.5) | |
Temporal | 249 (41.1) | 130 (40) | 119 (42.3) | |
Parietal | 27 (4.5) | 17 (5.2) | 10 (3.6) | |
Occipital | 10 (1.7) | 5 (1.5) | 5 (1.8) | |
Basal ganglia, brainstem, or cerebellum | 23 (3.8) | 18 (5.5) | 5 (1.8) | |
Multihematoma fuzzy sign, n (%) | 121 (19.0) | 16 (4.7) | 105 (35.1) | < 0.001 |
Time to baseline CT, h, Mean ± SD | 3.0 ± 2.2 | 3.3 ± 2.3 | 2.7 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 |
Time from baseline CT to follow-up CT, h, Mean ± SD | 17.3 ± 12.1 | 18.6 ± 12.4 | 15.8 ± 11.7 | 0.005 |
Baseline tICH volume, mL, Mean ± SD | 4.3 ± 7.6 | 3.3 ± 6.2 | 5.5 ± 8.7 | < 0.001 |
Baseline tICH volume ≥5 mL, n (%) | 148 (23.1) | 60 (17.6) | 88 (29.4) | < 0.001 |
Follow-up tICH volume, mL, Mean ± SD | 8.6 ± 16.5 | 3.1 ± 6.2 | 15.0 ± 21.4 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory results | ||||
Leukocyte count, Mean ± SD | 14.8 ± 5.4 | 13.9 ± 5.3 | 15.9 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
Neutrophil count, Mean ± SD | 12.6 ± 5.4 | 11.4 ± 4.8 | 14.0 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
Lymphocyte count, Mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
Monocyte count, Mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.736 |
MLR, Mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
Blood glucose, mM/L, Mean ± SD | 9.7 ± 16.2 | 8.7 ± 4.2 | 10.6 ± 22.4 | 0.189 |
Prothrombin time, s, Mean ± SD | 11.6 ± 1.3 | 11.5 ± 1.1 | 11.7 ± 1.5 | 0.018 |
International normalized ratio, Mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time, s, Mean ± SD | 26.0 ± 5.0 | 25.5 ± 4.9 | 26.5 ± 5.0 | 0.008 |
Fibrinogen, g/L, Mean ± SD | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 0.385 |
Platelet count, Mean ± SD | 209.9 ± 60.7 | 216.1 ± 59.6 | 202.8 ± 61.2 | 0.006 |
Coagulopathy, n (%) | 207 (32.3) | 102 (29.9) | 105 (35.1) | 0.16 |
Serum calcium level, mM/L, Mean ± SD | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
Hypocalcemia, n (%) | 185 (28.9) | 51 (15) | 134 (44.8) | < 0.001 |
