Table 1 Demographic and baseline characteristics of the gallstones group versus the no gallstones group.

Age

52 (36, 64)

59 (46, 70)

51 (35, 63)

Sex, n (%)

Male

1,667 (49.10%)

103 (28.37%)

1,564 (51.58%)

Female

1,728 (50.90%)

260 (71.63%)

1,468 (48.42%)

Race, n (%)

Mexican American

434 (12.78%)

49 (13.50%)

385 (12.70%)

Non-Hispanic White

1,191 (35.08%)

148 (40.77%)

1,043 (34.40%)

Non-Hispanic Black

867 (25.54%)

62 (17.08%)

805 (26.55%)

Other Races

903 (26.60%)

104 (28.65%)

799 (26.35%)

Education level, n (%)

Grades 0–12

613 (18.06%)

71 (19.56%)

542 (17.88%)

High school graduate/GED

809 (23.83%)

93 (25.62%)

716 (23.61%)

Some college or above

1,973 (58.11%)

199 (54.82%)

1,774 (58.51%)

Marital status, n (%)

Married/Living with Partner

2,010 (59.20%)

211 (58.13%)

1,799 (59.33%)

Widowed/Divorced/Separated

738 (21.74%)

102 (28.10%)

636 (20.98%)

Unmarried

647 (19.06%)

50 (13.77%)

597 (19.69%)

PIR, n (%)

< 2

1,316 (38.76%)

143 (39.39%)

1,173 (38.69%)

≥ 2

1,661 (48.92%)

179 (49.31%)

1,482 (48.88%)

Unclear

418 (12.31%)

41 (11.29%)

377 (12.43%)

BMI (kg/m²)

< 25

870 (25.63%)

43 (11.85%)

827 (27.28%)

25–30

1,071 (31.55%)

98 (27.00%)

973 (32.09%)

≥ 30

1,454 (42.83%)

222 (61.16%)

1,232 (40.63%)

Smoking, n (%)

Current smokers

638 (18.79%)

52 (14.33%)

586 (19.33%)

Former smokers

844 (24.86%)

113 (31.13%)

731 (24.11%)

Never smokers

1,913 (56.35%)

198 (54.55%)

1,715 (56.56%)

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

Yes

1,891 (55.70%)

167 (46.01%)

1,724 (56.86%)

No

1,504 (44.30%)

196 (53.99%)

1,308 (43.14%)

Hypertension, n (%)

Yes

1,534 (45.18%)

217 (59.78%)

1,317 (43.44%)

No

1,861 (54.82%)

146 (40.22%)

1,715 (56.56%)

Diabetes, n (%)

Yes

639 (18.82%)

115 (31.68%)

524 (17.28%)

No

2,756 (81.18%)

248 (68.32%)

2,508 (82.72%)

Asthma, n (%)

Yes

545 (16.05%)

82 (22.59%)

463 (15.27%)

No

2,850 (83.95%)

281 (77.41%)

2,569 (84.73%)

Coronary heart disease, n (%)

Yes

145 (4.27%)

30 (8.26%)

115 (3.79%)

No

3,250 (95.73%)

333 (91.74%)

2,917 (96.21%)

Liver disease, n (%)

Yes

170 (5.01%)

37 (10.19%)

133 (4.39%)

No

3,225 (94.99%)

326 (89.81%)

2,899 (95.61%)

Cancer, n (%)

Yes

357 (10.52%)

64 (17.63%)

293 (9.66%)

No

3,038 (89.48%)

299 (82.37%)

2,739 (90.34%)

Use of antihypertensive drugs

Yes

1,002 (29.51%)

165 (45.45%)

837 (27.61%)

No

2,393 (70.49%)

198 (54.55%)

2,195 (72.39%)

Use of lipid-lowering drugs

Yes

746 (21.97%)

115 (31.68%)

631 (20.81%)

No

2,649 (78.03%)

248 (68.32%)

2,401 (79.19%)

Protein intake (g)

72 (54, 96)

65 (49, 87)

73 (55, 97)

Carbohydrate intake (g)

221 (163, 292)

212 (149, 279)

223 (164, 294)

Total fat intake (g)

76 (54, 105)

74 (52, 99)

77 (54, 106)

Water intake (g)

2,541 (1,897, 3,357)

2,419 (1,818, 3,138)

2,561 (1,902, 3,374)

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

180 (155, 208)

177 (153, 210)

180 (156, 208)

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

103 (96, 115)

108 (99, 125)

103 (96, 114)

Height (cm)

167 (160, 174)

164 (158, 170)

167 (160, 175)

Waist circumference (cm)

99 (89, 112)

107 (97, 119)

99 (88, 111)

TG/HDL ratio

0.76 (0.46, 1.28)

0.87 (0.59, 1.45)

0.75 (0.44, 1.25)

CMI

0.46 (0.25, 0.82)

0.60 (0.37, 0.97)

0.44 (0.24, 0.79)

LAP

39 (21, 67)

57 (34, 84)

38 (20, 64)

TyG index

8.47 (8.03, 8.94)

8.69 (8.22, 9.08)

8.45 (8.00, 8.91)