Retraction of: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36492-8, published online 13 June 2023

The Editors have retracted this Article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the data presented in Figs. 5 and 6, specifically:

  • Fig. 5 ALF-Se NPs Hep-G2 and Caco-2 images appear to overlap;

  • The untreated control images in Fig. 5 appear highly similar to those in the authors’ earlier publications (MCF-7, HepG-2 and Caco-2 in Fig. 3b of1, and HepG-2 and Caco-2 in Fig. 2b of2);

  • Fig. 6a ALF-SeNPs plots appear highly similar to Fig. 3 LP-CNPs+LF-FNPs plots in Fig. 3a of2.

The Editors therefore no longer have confidence in the presented data.

All Authors disagree with this retraction.