Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics.

From: The discriminate value of event-related potentials in executive function of ADHD and comorbidity of ADHD and ASD

Variables/Groups

ADHD & ASD (n = 64)

ADHD (n = 70)

TD (n = 70)

P value

F value

Age at study entry, month

94.50 (84.00 ~ 106.75)

100.00 (87.00 ~ 111.00)

84.00 (77.50 ~ 102.50)

0.489

0.42

IQ

100.50 (87.00 ~ 110.50)

98.00 (91.00 ~ 103.00)

102.00 (95.00 ~ 108.25)

0.065

2.33

DST

     

FDST

8.00 (7.00 ~ 9.00)

7.00 (7.00 ~ 9.00)

7.00 (7.00 ~ 9.00)

0.441

0.95

BDST

4.00 (3.00 ~ 4.50)

3.00 (3.00 ~ 5.00)

3.00 (3.00 ~ 4.00)

0.400

1.73

TMT

     

Part A time (s)

101.00 (70.00 ~ 142.00)

88.00 (72.00 ~ 116.00)

98.00 (74.75 ~ 121.25)

0.210

3.62

Part A error

0.00 (0.00 ~ 1.00)

0.00 (0.00 ~ 1.00)

0.00 (0.00 ~ 0.00)

0.904

0.19

Part B time (s)

238.00 (185.00 ~ 325.75)

230.00 (190.00 ~ 277.00)

243.50 (180.50 ~ 302.25)

0.750

1.27

Part B error

2.00 (1.00 ~ 3.00)

2.00 (1.00 ~ 3.00)

1.00 (0.00 ~ 2.00)

0.014

2.21

Shifting time (s)

125.00 (84.00 ~ 172.00)

141.00 (102.00 ~ 165.00)

140.00 (79.75 ~ 182.25)

0.611

0.45

Stroop

     

Part 1 time (s)

23.00 (18.00 ~ 29.00)

24.00 (20.00 ~ 29.00)

23.50 (19.00 ~ 30.25)

0.993

0.40

Part 1 error

0.00 (0.00 ~ 0.50)

0.00 (0.00 ~ 1.00)

0.00 (0.00 ~ 0.00)

0.750

1.35

Part 2 time (s)

35.00 (29.00 ~ 44.50)

36.00 (31.00 ~ 42.00)

32.00 (29.00 ~ 36.00)

0.023

3.13

Part 2 error

0.00 (0.00 ~ 1.00)

0.00 (0.00 ~ 1.00)

0.00 (0.00 ~ 0.25)

0.072

0.75

Part 3 time (s)

28.00 (21.00 ~ 37.00)

32.00 (24.00 ~ 42.00)

32.00 (24.50 ~ 54.25)

0.191

1.83

Part 3 error

0.00 (0.00 ~ 1.00)

0.00 (0.00 ~ 1.00)

0.00 (0.00 ~ 1.00)

0.492

0.39

Part 4 time (s)

63.50 (51.00 ~ 78.75)

57.00 (40.00 ~ 72.00)

52.50 (49.00 ~ 68.00)

0.004

6.69

Part 4 error

2.00 (0.00 ~ 5.50)

2.00 (0.00 ~ 5.00)

1.00 (0.00 ~ 2.00)

0.027

4.27

Color interference (s)

7.00 (4.00 ~ 13.00)

8.00 (4.00 ~ 12.00)

8.50 (4.75 ~ 19.25)

0.414

1.32

Word interference (s)

27.00 (17.50 ~ 37.00)

23.00 (11.00 ~ 33.00)

19.00 (15.75 ~ 36.00)

0.033

2.95

BRIEF

     

Inhibit

60.00 (51.50 ~ 66.75)

55.00 (48.00 ~ 62.00)

52.00 (40.00 ~ 56.00)

<0.001

20.47

Shift

53.00 (47.00 ~ 60.00)

50.00 (47.00 ~ 57.00)

44.00 (40.00 ~ 50.00)

<0.001

22.70

Emotional control

52.00 (45.00 ~ 56.00)

49.00 (42.00 ~ 59.00)

41.00 (38.00 ~ 48.00)

<0.001

14.47

Initiate

58.00 (52.25 ~ 65.00)

59.00(50.00 ~ 65.00)

48.00 (42.00 ~ 53.00)

<0.001

30.93

Working memory

63.64 ± 8.98

64.36 ± 9.72

50.37 ± 9.68

<0.001

44.10

Plan

63.97 ± 9.47

65.76 ± 12.57

52.81 ± 10.39

<0.001

26.31

Organize

55.50 (49.25 ~ 63.00)

55.00 (49.00 ~ 61.00)

49.00 (40.00 ~ 55.25)

<0.001

16.43

Monitor

66.83 ± 9.15

65.44 ± 10.45

52.02 ± 12.57

<0.001

36.39

BRI

58.00 (49.00 ~ 63.75)

51.00 (45.00 ~ 61.00)

46.00 (38.00 ~ 51.50)

<0.001

26.27

MI

64.89 ± 8.84

64.63 ± 10.92

50.34 ± 10.24

<0.001

43.50

GEC

63.50 (56.00 ~ 73.00)

61.00 (55.00 ~ 65.00)

50.00 (41.75 ~ 56.25)

<0.001

46.75

  1. Notes: Mean ± standard deviation is used to represent normally distributed data, while median (quartiles) is employed for non-normally distributed data.
  2. IQ: Intelligence Quotient; ERP: Event-related potential; DST: Digit Span Test; FDST: Forward Digit Span Test; BDST: Backward Digit Span Test; TMT: BRIEF: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; MI: Metacogniton Index; GEC: Global Executive Composite; BRI: Behavioral Regulation Index.
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