Table 2 Comparison of analytical characteristics of ZIF-67/SiO₂NPs/GONs/GCE for the determination of DIC with other modified electrodes.

Modified electrode	Linear range (μM)	Detection limit (µM)	References
Au-PtNPs/f-MWCNTs/AuE¹	0.5–1000	0.3	¹⁰⁹
MWCNT/TiO₂/CPE²	1.1–5000	0.33	¹¹⁰
MWCNTs-IL-CPE³	0.5–300	0.2	¹¹¹
Tyrosine-CPE⁴	10–140	3.28	¹¹²
ZnO nanoflowers/ SPE⁵	0.01–40	0.1	¹¹³
Oxidizedg-C₃N₄/CuAl-LDH/GCE⁶	0.5–60	0.38	¹¹⁴
VFMCNTCPE⁷	5–600	2.0	¹¹⁵
f-MWCNTs/GCE⁸	2–15	0.1	¹¹⁶
MI PANI/rGO/CPE⁹	15.71–251.50	2.88	¹¹⁷
NHMNE¹⁰	196–2650	31.7	¹¹⁸
GCE/DBA/DCF¹¹	0–1000	0.27	¹¹⁹
BDD¹²	5–50	0.14	¹²⁰
GE¹³	2.56–9.5	0.76	¹²¹
ISE¹⁴	10–10,000	4	¹²²
BFE¹⁵	6–50	4.3	¹²³
CNTPE¹⁶	2–100	0.8	¹²⁴
Cu-Al LDH/CFYM/GPGE¹⁷	1.99–23.44	1.91	¹²⁵
ZIF-67/SiO₂NPs/GONs/GCE	0.5–200	0.132	This work

1 Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/gold electrode.
2 Titanium oxide Nanoparticles- multi-walled carbon nanotubes /carbon paste electrode.
3 Ionic liquid-multi-walled carbon nanotubes /carbon paste electrode.
4 Tyrosine-carbon paste electrode.
5 Zinc oxide nanoflowers-screen-printed electrode.
6 oxidized graphitic carbon nitride-copper–aluminium layered double hydroxide/glassy carbon electrode.
7 vinylferrocene/multiwall carbon nanotubes/carbon paste electrode.
8 functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/glassy carbon electrode.
9 Imprinted polymer-polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide/carbon paste electrode.
10 Nickel hydroxide-nickel electrode.
11 Sodium diclofenac/amino-functionalized diclofenac binding aptamer/glassy carbon electrode.
12 Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode.
13 Graphite electrode.
14 Ion-selective electrode.
15 Bismuth film electrode.
16 Carbon nanotubes paste electrode.
17 Copper–Aluminium layered double hydroxide/chicken feet yellow membrane graphenized pencil graphite electrode.

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