Table 4 The association between total urinary arsenic level, blood lead and cadmium levels and clear cell RCC.

Total urinary arsenic concentration (µg/L)

12.28 (5.53, 22.52)^{a, ***}

17.22 (9.44, 29.79) ^{a, ***}

≤ 11.89

136 (48.40)

230 (33.38)

1.00^{b, §.**}

1.00^{c, §,*}

11.89–25.04

86 (30.60)

230 (33.38)

1.47 (1.00–2.17)^*

1.51 (0.99–2.30)⁺

> 25.04

59 (21.00)

229 (33.24)

1.85 (1.15–2.96)^*

1.87 (1.11–3.16)^*

Total urinary arsenic concentration

(µg/g creatinine)

17.08 (10.61, 26.87) ^{a, **}

14.92 (9.76, 23.96) ^{a, **}

≤ 11.22

78 (27.76)

230 (33.38)

1.00^§,**

1.00^{d, §,**}

11.22–20.14

89 (31.67)

230 (33.38)

1.20 (0.84–1.72)

1.39 (0.94–2.05)

> 20.14

114 (44.57)

229 (33.24)

1.65 (1.16–2.37)^**

1.72 (1.16–2.56)^**

Blood lead level

(µg/dL)

44.73 (33.62, 62.92)

46.32 (30.78, 67.14)

≤ 36.14

49 (32.67)

224 (33.38)

1.00

1.00^d

36.14–58.54

57 (38.00)

224 (33.38)

1.17 (0.77–1.79)

1.63 (1.02–2.60)^*

> 58.54

44 (29.33)

223 (33.24)

0.89 (0.57–1.40)

1.16 (0.70–1.90)

Blood cadmium level

(µg/L)

1.85 (1.16, 2.96)^***

1.26 (0.78, 2.00) ^***

≤ 0.92

24 (16.00)

229 (34.13)

1.00^§,***

1.00^{d, §,***}

0.92–1.64

40 (26.67)

220 (32.79)

1.84 (1.07–3.17)^*

2.36 (1.31–4.24)^**

> 1.64

86 (57.33)

222 (33.08)

3.99 (2.43–6.57)^***

5.41 (3.06–9.55)^***