Table 1 Patient characteristics and biochemical attachment of the stents.

From: Ureteral stent biomaterial encrustation after endoscopic lithotripsy: a randomized, single-blind study

 

Group1

Group2

Group3

p value

Percuflex

Tria

InLay Optima

n = 21

n = 22

n = 18

Age

Years

61.00 [46.00, 69.00]

55.50 [48.25, 66.50]

59.00 [53.75, 64.75]

0.90

BMI

kg/m2

24.28 [20.82, 28.89]

24.43 [20.63, 26.39]

24.70 [22.84, 29.55]

0.73

Sex: male

n (%)

14 (66.7)

13 (59.1)

11 (61.1)

0.87

Side: left

n (%)

11 (52.4)

15 (68.2)

8 (44.4)

0.30

Comorbidity

HT

n (%)

6 (28.6)

8 (36.4)

7 (38.9)

0.77

DM

n (%)

4 (19.0)

4 (18.2)

4 (22.2)

0.95

HL

n (%)

6 (28.6)

5 (22.7)

4 (22.2)

0.87

HUA

n (%)

3 (14.3)

2 (9.1)

3 (16.7)

0.76

Preoperative ureteral insertion

 

2 (9.5)

4 (18.2)

5 (27.8)

0.34

Positive urine culture

(%)

11 (52.4)

11 (50.0)

7 (38.9)

0.67

Urine pH

 

6.50 [6.00, 7.00]

6.25 [5.62, 7.00]

6.50 [5.50, 7.00]

0.91

Surgery

fURS

n (%)

8 (38.1)

8 (36.4)

10 (55.6)

0.42

ECIRS

n (%)

13 (61.9)

14 (63.6)

8 (44.4)

 

Postoperative fever

n (%)

3(14.3)

1(4.5)

3(16.7)

0.43

Residual stone status

Complete stone free

n (%)

14 (66.7)

13 (59.1)

15 (83.3)

0.22

0–2 mm

n (%)

4 (19.0)

6 (27.3)

1 (5.6)

 

2–4 mm

n (%)

2 (9.5)

3 (13.6)

0 (0.0)

 

> 4 mm

n (%)

1 (4.8)

0 (0.0)

2 (11.1)

 

Distal ureteral stent position

Not crossing the bladder midline

n (%)

16 (76.2)

19 (87.4)

15 (82.4)

0.71

Crossing the bladder midline

n (%)

5 (23.8)

3 (13.6)

3 (17.6)

 

Stone component

Calcium stone

n (%)

18 (85.7)

17 (77.3)

15 (83.3)

0.81

Uric-acid stone

n (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.5)

1 (5.6)

 

Cystin

n (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

 

Struvite

n (%)

3 (14.3)

3 (13.6)

2 (11.1)

 

Biochemical attachment

Calcium

mg/dL

5.42 [2.28, 6.04]

1.92 [0.53, 4.48]

1.98 [0.82, 3.36]

0.02

Magnesium

mg/dL

0.20 [0.16, 0.29]

0.07 [0.04, 0.21]

0.05 [0.03, 0.18]

< 0.01

Bacteria

counts/µL

45.92 [25.33, 171.49]

17.80 [6.49, 91.33]

11.90 [5.93, 152.91]

0.17

Macroscopic observation

Stent coloring

n (%)

13 (61.9)

9 (40.9)

4 (22.2)

0.04

Stent calcification

n (%)

5 (25.0)

3 (13.6)

0 (0.0)

0.08

  1. BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range, HT hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, HL hyperlipemia, HUA hyperuricemia, fURS flexible ureteroscopy, ECIRS endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery.
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