Table 1 Ingredient composition and proximate analysis of experimental diets (% dry matter) of Curcumin fed to Pangasianodon hypophthalmus during the experimental period of 40 days.

From: Curcumin as a protective agent against chromium and ammonia toxicity using molecular and biochemical approaches in fish

Ingredients

Control

Curcumin-0.1%

Curcumin-0.2%

Soybean meala

35.5

35.5

35.5

Fish meala

25

25

25

Groundnut meala

10

10

10

Wheat floura

17.2

17.1

17

Sunflower oila

4.5

4.5

4.5

Cod liver oila

1.5

1.5

1.5

CMCb

2

2

2

Vitamin and mineral mix*

2

2

2

Vitamin Cc

0.3

0.3

0.3

Lecithinb

2

2

2

Curcumin

0

0.1

0.2

 

100

100

100

Proximate composition of the diets

 Crude protein (CP)

34.88 ± 0.50

35.24 ± 0.09

35.36 ± 0.32

 Ether extract (EE)

9.28 ± 0.09

9.44 ± 0.19

9.34 ± 0.17

 Total carbohydrate (TC)

37.25 ± 0.78

36.46 ± 0.23

36.37 ± 0.56

 Organic matter (OM)

90.75 ± 0.04

90.71 ± 0.03

90.51 ± 0.14

 Dry matter (DM)

90.62 ± 0.16

90.47 ± 0.10

90.55 ± 0.07

 Digestible energy (DE)

353.49 ± 0.56

352.92 ± 0.70

352.25 ± 0.38

  1. aProcured from local market, bHimedia Ltd, cSD Fine Chemicals Ltd., India.
  2. *Manual prepared Vitamin mineral mixture; Composition of vitamin mineral mix (quantity/250 g starch powder): vitamin A 55,00,00 IU; vitamin D3 11,00,00 IU; vitamin B1:20 mg; vitamin E 75 mg; vitamin K 1,00 mg; vitamin B12 0.6 mcg; calcium pantothenate 2,50 mg; nicotinamide 1000 mg; pyridoxine: 100 mg; Zn 500 mg; I 1,00 mg; Fe 750 mg; Cu 200 mg; Co 45 mg; Ca 50 g; P 30 g; Se: 2 ppm.
  3. Digestible energy (DE) (Kcal/100 g) = (% CP × 4) + (% EE × 9) + (TC × 4).
  4. Data expressed as mean ± SE, n = 3.