Fig. 4

Suppression of gastric acid secretion increases postprandially decreased blood estrogen levels in males. Eight-week-old male rats were deprived of food for 12 h. GLP-1 (2 mL of 12 ng/mL GLP-1 per kg of body weight, (a) or LPZ (2 mL of 4 µM LPZ per kg of body weight, (b) was injected intravenously into postprandial (2 h after a 0.5 h ND feeding [bars]) (ND + GLP-1 or LPZ iv, blue) and control fasted rats (fasted + GLP-1 or LPZ iv, brown) (arrows, at 0 h). Blood TG, FFA, and E2 levels in the tail vein were measured before (ND-fed: at −2.5, −2, −1, 0 h; fasted: at 0 h) and at 0.25, 0.5. 1, 2, 3 h after the injection. Data are represented as mean ± s.d. n = 8. P values were determined by a two-sided Student’s t-test between the indicated data sets. Raw data are provided in Supplementary Data 4.