Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by changes in frailty status.
From: Association of changes in frailty with mortality in the aged with hypertension
Variables | All | Remaining non-frail | Frail to non-frail | Non-frail to frail | Remaining frail | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 1827 | 1313 | 115 | 242 | 157 | |
Sex: male | 838 (45.9%) | 651 (49.6%) | 36 (31.3%) | 103 (42.6%) | 48 (30.6%) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 80.0 (73.0, 88.0) | 78.0 (72.0, 85.0) | 86.0 (75.0, 95.0) | 84.0 (76.0, 91.0) | 89.0 (81.0, 96.0) | < 0.001 |
Marital status | < 0.001 | |||||
In marriege | 877 (48.0%) | 689 (52.5%) | 39 (33.9%) | 102 (42.2%) | 47 (29.9%) | |
Not in marriage | 950 (52.0%) | 624 (47.5%) | 76 (66.1%) | 140 (57.9%) | 110 (70.1%) | |
Residence | 0.208 | |||||
Urban | 779 (42.6%) | 552 (42.0%) | 42 (36.5%) | 115 (47.5%) | 70 (44.6%) | |
Rural | 1048 (57.4%) | 761 (58.0%) | 73 (63.5%) | 127 (52.5%) | 87 (55.4%) | |
Education | < 0.001 | |||||
1 year or more | 859 (47.0%) | 665 (50.7%) | 43 (37.4%) | 103 (42.6%) | 48 (30.6%) | |
No school | 968 (53.0%) | 648 (49.4%) | 72 (62.6%) | 139 (57.4%) | 109 (69.4%) | |
Income | 0.038 | |||||
Rich | 335 (18.3%) | 258 (19.7%) | 17 (14.8%) | 43 (17.8%) | 17 (10.8%) | |
Fair/poor | 1492 (81.7%) | 1055 (80.4%) | 98 (85.2%) | 199 (82.2%) | 140 (89.2%) | |
Living with family | 1460 (79.9%) | 1034 (78.8%) | 98 (85.2%) | 197 (81.4%) | 131 (83.4%) | 0.197 |
Lifestyles | ||||||
Current smoking | 347 (19.0%) | 277 (21.1%) | 11 (9.6%) | 41 (16.9%) | 18 (11.5%) | 0.001 |
Current drinking | 348 (19.1%) | 288 (21.9%) | 8 (7.0%) | 40 (16.5%) | 12 (7.6%) | < 0.001 |
Current regular exercise | 727 (39.8%) | 550 (41.9%) | 28 (24.4%) | 112 (46.3%) | 37 (23.6%) | < 0.001 |
Regular intake of foods | ||||||
Fruits | 730 (40.0%) | 555 (42.3%) | 28 (24.4%) | 98 (40.5%) | 49 (31.2%) | < 0.001 |
Vegetables | 1660 (90.9%) | 1204 (91.7%) | 97 (84.4%) | 226 (93.4%) | 133 (84.7%) | 0.001 |
Meats | 1342 (73.5%) | 989 (75.3%) | 74 (64.4%) | 174 (71.9%) | 105 (66.9%) | 0.012 |
Fish | 834 (45.7%) | 614 (46.8%) | 44 (38.3%) | 111 (45.9%) | 65 (41.4%) | 0.228 |
Eggs | 1246 (68.2%) | 883 (67.3%) | 77 (67.0%) | 176 (72.7%) | 110 (70.1%) | 0.367 |
Beans | 1002 (54.9%) | 725 (55.2%) | 61 (53.0%) | 135 (55.8%) | 81 (51.6%) | 0.806 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Diabetes | 104 (5.7%) | 49 (3.7%) | 11 (9.6%) | 20 (8.3%) | 24 (15.3%) | < 0.001 |
Heart disease | 294 (16.1%) | 161 (12.3%) | 44 (38.3%) | 39 (16.1%) | 50 (31.9%) | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 166 (9.1%) | 77 (5.9%) | 26 (22.6%) | 21 (8.7%) | 42 (26.8%) | < 0.001 |
Respiratory diseases | 185 (10.1%) | 103 (7.8%) | 27 (23.5%) | 28 (11.6%) | 27 (17.2%) | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 12 (0.7%) | 7 (0.5%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0.387 |
SBP (mm Hg) | 147.0 (140.0, 160.0) | 146.5 (140.0, 160.0) | 142.5 (139.5, 160.0) | 148.5 (139.6, 160.0) | 150.0 (140.0, 160.0) | 0.585 |
DBP (mm Hg) | 85.0 (78.5, 90.0) | 85.0 (79.0, 90.0) | 81.0 (75.8, 90.0) | 84.3 (78.0, 90.0) | 84.0 (76.0, 90.0) | 0.585 |
