Table 1 Epididymal sperm concentration, total and progressive motilities, and motility characteristics in different experimental groups. Values are expressed as mean ± sd.

Epididymal sperm concentration (10⁶/mL)

64.46 ± 8.52 ^a

23.40 ± 5.37 ^e

47.83 ± 6.83 ^c

42.75 ± 4.70 ^d

56.54 ± 9.35 ^b

Total motility (%)

78.54 ± 3.69 ^a

47.51 ± 1.91 ^e

64.52 ± 2.28 ^c

60.30 ± 1.35 ^d

73.49 ± 2.28 ^b

Progressive motility (%)

42.65 ± 1.18 ^a

13.90 ± 1.30 ^d

32.08 ± 1.95 ^c

30.52 ± 1.61 ^c

37.83 ± 1.06 ^b

VAP (µm/s)

32.48 ± 1.47 ^a

16.30 ± 1.65 ^d

25.87 ± 1.45 ^bc

22.69 ± 1.28 ^c

28.13 ± 1.13 ^b

VCL (µm/s)

91.35 ± 2.73 ^a

45.09 ± 2.75 ^e

71.82 ± 3.05 ^c

66.57 ± 3.14 ^d

84.05 ± 2.76 ^b

VSL (µm/s)

15.35 ± 1.29 ^a

6.77 ± 0.34 ^d

9.45 ± 1.56 ^c

8.10 ± 0.38 ^c

12.69 ± 1.24 ^b

LIN (%)

16.88 ± 0.43 ^a

16.74 ± 0.50 ^a

16.17 ± 0.38 ^a

16.21 ± 0.25 ^a

16.55 ± 0.35 ^a

ALH (µm/s)

7.69 ± 0.27 ^a

3.71 ± 0.25 ^d

5.11 ± 0.49 ^c

4.86 ± 0.57 ^c

6.04 ± 0.47 ^b

STR (%)

45.09 ± 1.69 ^a

45.25 ± 1.51 ^a

45.31 ± 1.70 ^a

45.19 ± 1.30 ^a

45.21 ± 1.18 ^a

BCF (Hz)

12.60 ± 0.57 ^a

5.37 ± 0.21 ^d

8.01 ± 0.53 ^c

7.29 ± 0.13 ^c

10.27 ± 0.24 ^b