Table 1 The P-value when changing from a model with no constraints on either factor loadings or intercepts to a model with the constraint that the factor loadings for the two items are equal across the three countries.

From: The Katakori disability index has cross-cultural validity for disability due to stiff neck/shoulder across Japan, the US, and Singapore

Item

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1. Wearing what you like without worrying

about stiff shoulders

0.360

0.056

0.234

0.019

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

2. Eating

 

0.531

0.808

0.448

< 0.001

0.002

0.001

0.003

0.024

0.004

3. Changing clothes

  

0.856

0.643

< 0.001

0.018

0.017

0.027

0.206

0.041

4. Doing each thing carefully, without being

sloppy because of irritation

   

0.459

< 0.001

0.006

0.007

0.009

0.089

0.017

5. Concentrating on something

    

0.001

0.033

0.016

0.041

0.147

0.032

6. Falling asleep comfortably

     

0.481

0.209

0.179

0.009

0.114

7. Sleeping soundly until morning without

being disturbed

      

0.590

0.842

0.150

0.417

8. Turning the neck to check

my surroundings

       

0.653

0.352

0.910

9. Carrying something light (e.g., handbag, and

shopping bag) for approximately 30 min

        

0.249

0.534

10. Doing household chores

         

0.596

11. Watching a TV

          
  1. Bold, no statistically significant difference.