Fig. 5
From: Improving national-scale breeding bird surveys with integrated distance sampling
Boxplot of differences (simulated—estimated) across mean estimated parameters for the HDS and IDS models. Parameters are represented in their respective scale (log or logit). Accurate estimation, i.e. no bias, is depicted by the dotted line. \({\varphi }_{0}^{DS}\) and standard deviations of residual errors of the semi-structured schemes (DS) were only estimated in the IDS model.
