Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: Preclinical validation of TGFβ inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for post-traumatic heterotopic ossification

Fig. 2

Targeted TGFβ inhibitors down-regulate the expression of fibrotic markers in human primary MPCs. Primary MPCs were treated with ALK5 inhibitors (SB431542 or Galunisertib/LY2157299) and SMAD3 inhibitors (Halofuginone or SIS3) and TGFβ [10 ng/mL] for 48 h. Relative expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR for the fibrotic markers (A) ACTA2, (B) COL1A1, (C) FN1, and (D) SERPINE1. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping control gene. DMSO treatment was used as vehicle control and used as a reference to calculate relative gene expression levels. Average ± SD from three to four independent donors. Adjusted p-value was calculated by 1-tail Student’s T-test in comparison with TGFβ treatment alone. TGFB = TGFβ, SB = SB431542, LY = Galunisertib/LY2157299 and Halo = Halofuginone.

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