Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Preclinical validation of TGFβ inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for post-traumatic heterotopic ossification

Fig. 5

ALK5 TGFβ inhibitors downregulate the expression of fibrotic markers following the fibrotic nodule formation assay in human primary MPCs. Primary MPCs were treated with ALK5 inhibitors (SB431542 or Galunisertib/LY2157299) and SMAD3 inhibitors (Halofuginone or SIS3) and TGFβ [10 ng/mL] for 4 days following the fibrotic nodule formation assay conditions. Relative expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR for the fibrotic markers (A) ACTA2, (B) COL1A1, (C) COL3A1, (D) VIM, (E) FN1, (F) SERPINE1, (G) MMP9 and (H) CDH2. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping control gene. Non-treated control was used as a reference to calculate relative gene expression levels. DMSO treatment was used as a vehicle control. Average ± SE from three to seven independent donors. Adjusted p-value was calculated by 1-tail Student’s T-test in comparison with TGFβ treatment alone (*p ≤ 0.05). TGFB = TGFβ, SB = SB431542, LY = Galunisertib/LY2157299 and Halo = Halofuginone.

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