Table 2 Parameter settings for each algorithm.

CSGLSO

\({C}_{1}=0.5; {C}_{3}=2; p=1; I=2\sim 4\)

ISSA⁴²

\({C}_{2},{C}_{3}\in \left[\text{0,1}\right]\)

SO³⁹

\({C}_{1}=0.5; {C}_{2}=0.05; {C}_{3}=2\)

ECS⁴³

\(n=10\); D = 1; pa = 0.25; r = 0.05

HSOA⁴¹

\({C}_{1}=0.5; {C}_{2}=0.05; {C}_{3}=2; Jr=0.05\)