Table 4 Clinical data of MM patients divided by the MRD status (n = 73).

From: Cytogenetic risk stratification combined with minimal residual disease status influences the therapeutic outcome and prognosis of multiple myelomas

 

MRD-negativity

(n = 42)

MRD-positivity

(n = 31)

χ2

P

Demographic data (n, %)

    

Age ≤ 65 years

17 (40.5)

18 (58.1)

2.211

0.137

Male (n, %)

31 (73.8)

17 (54.8)

2.851

0.091

Clinical manifestations (n, %)

    

Hypercalcemia (Ca > 2.65 mmol/L)

6 (14.3)

2 (6.5)

1.122

0.290

Impaired renal function (Cr > 177 µmol/L)

12 (38.7)

9 (29.0)

0.002

0.966

Anemia (Hb ≤ 100 g/L)

28 (66.7)

22 (71.0)

0.153

0.696

Osteolytic lesions

33 (78.6)

24 (77.4)

0.014

0.906

Extramedullary lesions

5 (11.9)

6 (19.4)

0.774

0.379

Elevated LDH (> 245 U/L)

9 (21.4)

3 (9.7)

1.793

0.181

Elevated B2M (≥ 5.5 mg/L)

14 (33.3)

14 (45.2)

1.055

0.304

Low Alb (< 35 g/L)

25 (59.5)

23 (74.2)

1.705

0.192

Thrombocytopenia (PLT < 125 × 109/L)

12 (38.7)

9 (29.0)

0.002

0.966

Immunoglobin types (n, %)

  

0.101

0.992

IgG

23 (54.8)

16 (51.6)

  

IgA

9 (21.4)

7 (22.6)

  

Light-chain only

9 (21.4)

7 (22.6)

  

Non-secretory myeloma

1 (2.4)

1 (3.2)

  

BMPC ≥ 60%

4 (12.9)

9 (29.0)

4.638

0.031

Clinical staging (n, %)

    

Durie-Salmon staging system

    

Stage I

0

2 (6.5)

3.699

0.157

Stage II

4 (9.5)

5 (16.1)

  

Stage III

38 (90.5)

24 (77.4)

  

International staging system

    

Stage I

6 (14.3)

4 (12.9)

0.357

0.837

Stage II

19 (45.2)

13 (41.9)

  

Stage III

27 (64.3)

14 (45.2)

  

Revised International staging system

    

Stage I

4 (9.5)

3 (9.7)

0.418

0.811

Stage II

31 (73.8)

21 (67.7)

  

Stage III

7 (16.7)

7 (22.6)

  

Treatment regimens (n, %)

    

PI

20 (47.6)

22 (71.0)

4.390

0.111

PI + IMiD

18 (42.9)

7 (22.6)

  

PI + IMiD + anti-CD38

4 (9.5)

2 (6.5)

  

Stem cell transplant

12 (28.6)

4 (12.9)

2.558

0.110

HRCA (n, %)

    

SR

21 (50.0)

12 (38.7)

0.918

0.338

HR

21 (50.0)

19 (61.3)

  

Clinical response (n, %)

    

CR/sCR

28 (66.7)

5 (16.1)

18.391

< 0.001

≤VGPR

14 (33.3)

26 (83.9)

  
  1. MM, multiple myeloma; MRD, minimal residual disease; Cr, creatinine; Hb, hemoglobin; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; B2M, β2-microglobulin; Alb, albumin; PLT, platelet count; BMPC, bone marrow plasma cell; PI, proteasome inhibitor; IMiD, immunomodulatory drug; HRCA, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities; SR, standard risk; HR, high risk; CR, complete remission; sCR, stringent complete response; VGPR, very good partial response.
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