Table 1 Sites presenting a significant biological uniqueness by considering past pollen spectra. Each site is characterised by different geographical and chrono-cultural contexts, and nowadays has specific environmental features (BRAIN ID according to10).

From: The precision land knowledge of the past enables tailor-made environment therapy and empathy for nature

BRAIN ID

Site name

Macroregion

Latitude N

Longitude E

Chrono-cultural phase

Current features

On-sites

NER3

Sant’Agata Bolognese - Nuova Geovis

North

44.686111

11.17

Medieval

Urban area

NER68

Montale - Terramara di Montale

North

44.576111

10.910556

Bronze Age

Archaeological Park within an urban area

NER79

Noceto - Vasca Votiva

North

44.800556

10.169444

Bronze Age

Archaeological Museum within a farmland

NER80

Parma - Piazza Garibaldi

North

44.801389

10.327778

Roman, Medieval

Urban area

NFV26

Palù di Livenza - PaluON

North

46.021944

12.482222

Neolithic

Wetland and UNESCO pile-dwelling site

CTO52

Tombarelle

Centre

42.933611

11.373056

Roman

Tuscan countryside with olive groves

SBA4

Difesa S. Biagio

South

40.505833

16.680833

Hellenistic

Pastureland and Mediterranean macchia

SBA12

Torre di Satriano

South

40.57

15.6375

Hellenistic

Cereal crops and pasture area

Off-sites

NER137

Montale - Profile 3

North

44.575278

10.9075

Archaeological Park within an urban area

CLA64

PNEM94 − 1B

Centre

41.716667

12.7

Volcanic lake located in the Park of Castelli Romani

SEA1

RF93-30

Sea

42.066944

15.6675

Adriatic Sea (18 km N of the Gargano promontory)