Table 11 Paired t-test Results Comparing PSO with Other Models.

From: A PSO weighted ensemble framework with SMOTE balancing for student dropout prediction in smart education systems

Model

T-Statistic

P-Value

Significance

ACO

6.8726

0.0023

Significant

Firefly

4.6015

0.0100

Significant

RF(SMOTE)

6.6931

0.0026

Significant

XGB(SMOTE)

5.8134

0.0044

Significant

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