Fig. 2

Identification of differentially expressed genes using RNA-sequencing analysis between PND21 to PND46, and PND90. (A) Principal component analysis showing the normal distribution of the groups PND21, PND46, and PND90. (B) Volcano plot illustrating the significantly upregulated (red), downregulated (blue), and not significant (not sig (grey)) genes in the transition between PND21 and PND46 of rat’s mammary gland (p-adj < 0.05, Log₂FC 1.5, n = 4). (C) Volcano plot illustrating the significantly upregulated and downregulated genes in the transition between PND46 and PND90 of rat’s mammary gland (p-adj < 0.05, Log₂FC ≥ 1.5, n = 4). (D) Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of biological processes for upregulated and downregulated genes during the transition between PND21 and PND46.