Table 4 AirQ+ mean attributable proportion of deaths (AP) and estimates of the excess incidence (EI).

From: Assessment of air pollution and mortality in Portugal using AirQ+ and the effects of COVID-19 on their relationship

Year

Population at risk

\({\text{NO}}_{2}\) Annual Mean Level (*)

Forecast of the \({\text{NO}}_{2}\) Annual Mean Level

\({\text{O}}_{3}\) Annual Mean Level (*)

Forecast of the \({\text{O}}_{3}\) Annual Mean Level

Number of Deaths from COVID-19 Disease

\({\text{NO}}_{2}\) exposure

\({\text{O}}_{3}\) exposure

AP (Obs) (A)

EI (Obs) (B)

AP (Pred) (C)

EI (Pred) (D)

AP (Obs) (A)

EI (Obs) (B)

AP (Pred) (C)

EI (Pred) (D)

2010

7,129,263

23.5

55.3

5.3%

74(35–113)

1.6%

3(1–5)

2011

7,178,177

22.5

53.4

4.9%

67(32–102)

1.5%

3(1–4)

2012

7,199,849

21.2

55.7

4.4%

63(30–96)

1.5%

3(1–5)

2013

7,207,969

17.7

62.7

3.0%

43(20–66)

2.0%

4(1–6)

2014

7,210,716

14.4

59.0

1.8%

24(11–37)

1.5%

2(1–4)

2015

7,215,077

18.5

54.7

3.4%

48(23–73)

1.3%

2(1–4)

2016

7,218,039

16.6

57.5

2.6%

38(18–58)

1.4%

3(1–5)

2017

7,221,494

20.4

55.3

4.1%

59(28–90)

1.3%

2(1–4)

2018

7,227,371

20.2

60.9

4.0%

60(28–91)

1.8%

3(1–6)

2019

7,242,878

17.9

56.0

3.1%

46(22–70)

1.3%

2(1–4)

2020

7,365,949

14.1

17.8

56.7

59.7

7,125

1.6%

26(12–40)

3.1%

42(20–64)

1.4%

2(1–4)

1.5%

2(1–4)

2021

7,407,241

12.3

18.2

60.5

57.1

12,986

0.9%

15(7–23)

3.3%

42(20–65)

1.5%

2(1–4)

1.7%

3(1–5)

  1. (*) The annual mean (in µg/m3) was obtained from all monitoring stations reporting more than 75% of valid data of all possible data per year.
  2. Figures are accompanied by their 95% CI, per 100,000 population at risk, using the annual mean atmospheric concentrations of \({\text{NO}}_{2}\) and \(\text{SOMO}35\) in Portugal obtained from all monitoring stations reporting more than 75% of valid data of all possible data per year as input in AirQ +. Values in columns A and B are the observed values of AP and EI respectively and the values in columns C and D are the predicted values of AP and EI respectively using the ARIMA forecast of the \({\text{NO}}_{2}\) and \(\text{SOMO}35\) annual mean level for the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–2021).