Table 1 Green finance indicator system.

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inverted U-shaped pattern of green finance influencing the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction

Level 1 indicators

Secondary indicators

Description of indicators

Green credit

Reverse share of interest expense in energy-intensive industries

1-(Interest Expenditure of the Six Major Energy-Consuming Industries/Total Industrial Interest Expenditure)

Green Securities

Reverse share of market capitalization of energy-intensive industries

1-(Total market capitalization of six energy-intensive industries/total market capitalization of A-shares)

Green investment

Percentage of investment in environmental pollution control

Total investment in environmental pollution control/GDP

Green insurance

Depth of agricultural insurance

Agricultural insurance income/gross agricultural output

Environmental support

Percentage of expenditure on environmental protection

Fiscal environmental protection expenditure/fiscal general budget expenditure