Table 9 Results of endogeneity test.

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inverted U-shaped pattern of green finance influencing the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction

Variant

IV

Variant

DSPDM

Phase I

Phase II

SCpg (4)

Gf (1)

Gf2 (2)

SCpg (3)

LĀ·Gf

0.975*** (0.063)

Ā Ā 

L.Ef

1.036*** (0.030)

LĀ·Gf2

Ā 

1.009*** (0.074)

Ā 

L.WEf

āˆ’0.165* (0.129)

Gf

Ā Ā 

1.253*** (0.300)

Gf

āˆ’0.222* (0.116)

Gf2

Ā Ā 

āˆ’0.976*** (0.207)

Gf2

0.208* (0.089)

U-test(P>|t|)

Ā Ā 

0.003***

WxĀ·Gf

āˆ’0.684*** (0.228)

unrecognizable

59.276*** (0.000)

WxĀ·Gf2

0.496*** (0.172)

Weak tool identification

360.579(7.03)

Spatial rho

0.219*** (0.076)

over-identification

0.000

aggregate effect

Gf

āˆ’1.160*** (0.117)

Gf2

0.906*** (0.289)

control variable

Yes

direct effect

Gf

āˆ’0.252** (0.117)

Gf2

0.231*** (0.089)

Individual fixation

Yes

indirect effect

Gf

āˆ’0.908*** (0.304)

Gf2

0.675*** (0.233)

fixed time

Yes

Control variable/individual fixed/time fixed

YES

R2

Ā Ā 

0.624

R2

0.864

N

300

300

300

N

300

  1. ***, **, * indicate significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% levels respectively, with robust standard errors in parentheses.