Table 1 Statistical results of three-dimensional crack scalar characterization parameters.

From: Quantitative characterization and evolutionary patterns of coal cracks based on crack tensor analysis

Loading stage

Crack surface area (mm2)

Crack volume (mm3)

Porosity (%)

0%UCS

5630

361

0.206

25% UCS

7931.97

503.47

0.252

50% UCS

8139.03

582.50

0.329

75% UCS

12,994.23

1080.05

0.604

100%UCS

109,382.01

26,340.28

14.02