Table 4 Clinical data for 1208 patients with neurological complications following neuraxial anesthesia.
EA | SA | CESA | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (n) | Male | 69 | 27 | 302 | 398 |
Female | 84 | 21 | 705 | 810 | |
Age (year) | 47.6 (25.5, 77.8) | 55.5 (19.7, 86.9) | 34.9 (28.4, 59.1) | ||
Surgery type (n) | General surgery | 24 | 16 | 86 | 126 |
Orthopaedic surgery | 19 | 21 | 201 | 241 | |
Gynaecology and Obstetrics | 82 | 8 | 643 | 733 | |
Urology | 28 | 3 | 77 | 108 | |
History of neuraxial anesthesia (n) | Yes | 33 | 9 | 211 | 253 |
No | 120 | 39 | 796 | 955 | |
Anesthesiologist Title (n) | Junior resident physician | 46 | 6 | 243 | 295 |
Senior resident physicians and junior attending physicians | 75 | 27 | 459 | 561 | |
Senior attending physicians and associate Chief/Chief physicians | 32 | 15 | 305 | 352 | |
Anesthesia time (mins) | 182.2 ± 53.3 | 66.7 ± 17.1 | 146.3 ± 38.2 | ||
Number of punctures needle (n) | 1 | 104 | 19 | 587 | 710 |
2 | 17 | 7 | 71 | 94 | |
≥ 3 | 7 | 2 | 48 | 57 | |
Puncture space (n) | L3-L4 | 21 | 43 | 902 | 966 |
L2-L3 | 48 | 5 | 105 | 158 | |
L1-L2 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 58 | |
higher than L1 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 26 | |
Depth of epidural catheter placement (n) | 3–4 (≤ 4) cm | 100 | 0 | 676 | 776 |
4–5(≤ 5) cm | 51 | 0 | 325 | 376 | |
≥ 6 cm | 2 | 0 | 6 | 8 | |
Local anesthetic type and concentration | Ropivacaine | 0.375–1% | 0.5–0.75% | 0.5–0.75% | |
Bupivacaine | 0.375–0.5% | 0.25–0.75% | 0.25–0.75% | ||
Lidocaine | 0.5–2% | – | – | ||
Abnormal sensation during puncture (n) | Yes | 24 | 6 | 167 | 197 |
No | 109 | 42 | 571 | 722 | |
Epidural analgesia pump (n) | Yes | 81 | 0 | 485 | 566 |
No | 72 | 0 | 522 | 594 |
