Table 1 Patient characteristics.
Overall | Severe malaria (SM) | Uncomplicated malaria (UM) | P-value* | Test | %Missing | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 116 | n = 58 | n = 58 | |||||
Age, mean (SD) | 49.50 (25.81) | 49.86 (25.09) | 49.14 (26.73) | 0.248 | Paired T-test | 0 | |
Gender, n (%) | Male | 74 (63.8) | 37 (63.8) | 37 (63.8) | 1 | McNemar test | 0 |
Female | 42 (36.2) | 21 (36.2) | 21 (36.2) | ||||
Treatment before recruitment | Yes | 25 (21.6) | 12 (20.7) | 13 (22.4) | 1 | McNemar test | 0 |
Previous episodes of malaria | Yes | 7 (6.5) | 5 (9.4) | 2 (3.6) | 0.617 | McNemar test | 6.9 |
Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 19.38 (46.20) | 15.46 (4.80) | 23.31 (65.20) | 0.241 | Paired T-test | 0 | |
MUAC (cm), mean (SD) | 15.49 (1.54) | 15.17 (1.37) | 15.82 (1.64) | 0.01 | Paired T-test | 0 | |
Weight for age Z-score | < − 3 | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.1) | 0.835 | Cochran’s test | 1.7 |
[− 3, − 1) | 43 (37.7) | 22 (37.9) | 21 (37.5) | ||||
> = − 1 | 67 (58.8) | 36 (62.1) | 31 (55.4) | ||||
Splenomegaly | Yes | 19 (33.9) | 19 (33.9) | 0 (NaN) | 51.7 | ||
Hepatomegaly | Yes | 8 (14.3) | 8 (14.3) | 0 (NaN) | 51.7 | ||
Temperature (c), mean (SD) | 37.91 (1.41) | 38.03 (1.48) | 37.80 (1.33) | 0.453 | Paired T-test | 0 | |
Fever upon recruitment | Yes | 104 (89.7) | 55 (94.8) | 49 (84.5) | 0.149 | McNemar test | 0 |
Previous days of fever, median [IQR] | 1.00 [1.00, 2.00] | 2.00 [1.00, 2.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 2.00] | 0.114 | Wilcoxon signed-rank test | 4.31 | |
Cough | Yes | 52 (46.8) | 25 (44.6) | 27 (49.1) | 0.71 | McNemar test | 4.3 |
Previous days with cough, median [IQR] | 0.00 [0.00, 2.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 2.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 2.00] | 0.951 | Wilcoxon signed-rank test | 4.31 | |
Diarrhoea | Yes | 6 (5.4) | 5 (8.9) | 1 (1.8) | 0.221 | McNemar test | 4.3 |
Previous days with diarrhoea, median [IQR] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.025 | Wilcoxon signed-rank test | 5.17 | |
Vomiting | Yes | 25 (22.9) | 15 (27.8) | 10 (18.2) | 0.335 | McNemar test | 6 |
Previous days with vomits, median [IQR] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 1.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.253 | Wilcoxon signed-rank test | 4.31 | |
Outcome | Alive | 53 (93.0) | 53 (93.0) | 0 (NaN) | 50.9 | ||
Death | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (NaN) | ||||
Absconded | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (NaN) | ||||
Transferred | 2 (3.5) | 2 (3.5) | 0 (NaN) | ||||
Cerebral Malaria | Yes | 8 (13.8) | 8 (13.8) | 0 (NaN) | |||
Severe Anemia | Yes | 6 (6.7) | 6 (10.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Acidosis and/or respiratory distress | Yes | 21 (36.2) | 21 (36.2) | 0 (NaN) | |||
Hypoglicaemia | Yes | 2 (3.4) | 2 (3.4) | 0 (NaN) | |||
Multiple seizures | Yes | 33 (56.9) | 33 (56.9) | 0 (NaN) | |||
Prostration | Yes | 45 (77.6) | 45 (77.6) | 0 (NaN) | |||
LODS | 0 | 71 (61.2) | 13 (22.4) | 58 (100.0) | 0 | ||
1 | 37 (31.9) | 37 (63.8) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
2 | 7 (6.0) | 7 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
3 | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Total Leukocytes (10^9/l), median [IQR] | 8510.00 [6610.00, 12,160.00] | 9200.00 [6735.00, 12,242.50] | 8390.00 [6310.00, 11,995.00] | 0.615 | Wilcoxon signed-rank test | 2.59 | |
Neutrophils (%), median [IQR] | 62.10 [48.45, 74.03] | 63.90 [53.10, 74.20] | 59.80 [38.00, 71.80] | 0.157 | Wilcoxon signed-rank test | 8.62 | |
Platelets (10^9/l), median [IQR] | 110,000.00 [65000.00, 206,000.00] | 94,000.00 [59250.00, 158,750.00] | 137,000.00 [80000.00, 251,500.00] | 0.026 | Wilcoxon signed-rank test | 2,59 | |
Hemoglobin (g/dL), median [IQR] | 9.60 [7.50, 10.70] | 8.75 [5.85, 10.47] | 10.00 [8.70, 10.85] | 0.002 | Wilcoxon signed-rank test | 2.59 | |
Hematocrit geometric mean (95% CI)) | 14.13 (9.9 to 20.18) | 24.68 (21.7 to 28.07) | 8.09 (4.14 to 15.82) | 0.273 | Paired T-test | 18.1 | |
Lactate (mmol/l) geometric mean (95% CI)) | 2.87 (2.56 to 3.21) | 3.45 (2.9 to 4.11) | 2.38 (2.09 to 2.71) | 0.000 | Paired T-test | 0 | |
Glycemia geometric mean (95% CI)) | 6.25 (5.81 to 6.73) | 5.8 (5.23 to 6.43) | 6.74 (6.07 to 7.47) | 0.206 | Paired T-test | 0 | |
HIV status | No | 101 (87.1) | 50 (86.2) | 51 (87.9) | 1 | Cochran’s test | 0 |
Undetermined | 2 (1.7) | 2 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Unknown | 5 (4.3) | 2 (3.4) | 3 (5.2) | ||||
Yes | 8 (6.9) | 4 (6.9) | 4 (6.9) | ||||
Parasitemia at hospitalization in crosses, n (%) | ++ | 2 (1.7) | 2 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.513 | Cochran’s test | 0.9 |
+++ | 12 (10.4) | 6 (10.3) | 6 (10.5) | ||||
++++ | 34 (29.6) | 17 (29.3) | 17 (29.8) | ||||
+++++ | 67 (58.3) | 33 (56.9) | 34 (59.6) | ||||
Asexual P. falciparum density, Geometric Mean (95% CI)) | 39,130.57 (30,647.29 to 49,962.05) | 34,687.11 (23,565.41 to 51,057.7) | 44,143.24 (32,386.14 to 60,168.51) | 0.351 | Paired T-test | 9.48 | |
qPCR P. falciparum density, Geometric Mean (95% CI)) | 84,946.63 (64,164.3 to 112,460.21) | 97,179.4 (64,067.88 to 147,403.58) | 74,253.71 (50,390.28 to 109,418.2) | 0.404 | Paired T-test | 9.48 |
