Table 4 Mann-Whitney U-Tests comparisons of the gained distance values obtained in the After-Effect and the Follow-Up with respect to the baseline.

From: A surprise induced by a visual-haptic illusion in virtual reality can lead to motor improvement

Group comparison

Dependent variable

Mann-Whitney U

Effect Size (rrb) [95% CI]

 

\(\:{\varvec{\varDelta}}_{\varvec{a}\varvec{e}/\varvec{b}}\)

  

G0 vs. G++

 

p = 0.018

− 0.663 [− 0.927, − 0.278]

G0 vs. G+

 

p = 0.244

− 0.418 [− 0.778, 0.063]

G + vs. G++

 

p = 0.314

− 0.383 [− 0.785, 0.080]

 

\(\:{\varvec{\varDelta}}_{\varvec{f}\varvec{u}/\varvec{b}}\)

  

G0 vs. G++

 

p = 0.029

− 0.633 [− 0.931, − 0.260]

G0 vs. G+

 

p = 0.576

− 0.324 [− 0.726, 0.087]

G + vs. G++

 

p = 0.578

− 0.301 [− 0.754, 0.170]

  1. G0, neutral expectation group; G+, positive expectation group; G++, Visual-haptic illusion + Positive verbal Expectation Group; \(\:{\varDelta\:}_{ae/b},\:\)gained distance at the After-Effect respect to the Baseline; \(\:{\varDelta\:}_{fu/b}\), gained distance at the Follow-Up respect to the baseline.
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