Table 7 Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of different factors connected to omphalitis among neonates.
Variable and category | Bacterial OM | Bivariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-ve n (%) | +ve n (%) | COR (95%, CI) | P value | AOR (95%, CI) | P value | |
Maternal age (years) | ||||||
18–25 | 97 (63.4) | 56 (36.6) | 1.04 (0.63–1.71) | 0.857 | ||
26–32 | 146 (70.9) | 60 (29.1) | 0.92 (0.46–1.84) | 0.831 | ||
Above 32 | 17 (85) | 3 (15) | 1 | |||
Maternal educational level | ||||||
Illiterate | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | 0.67 (0.10–4.19) | 0.674 | ||
Primary school | 54 (75) | 18 (25) | 0.55 (0.31–0.98) | 0.045 | ||
Secondary | 113 (68.1) | 53 (31.9) | 1.29 (0.98–1.70) | 0.067 | 1.23 (0.71–2.12) | 0.452 |
Diploma and above | 89 (65.4) | 47 (34.6) | 1 | |||
Residence | ||||||
Rural | 146 (73) | 54 (27) | 0.66 (0.42–1.01) | 0.060 | 0.50 (0.30–0.82) | 0.06 |
Urban | 114 (63.7) | 65 (36.3) | 1 | |||
Maternal occupation | ||||||
Homemaker | 107 (82.9) | 22 (17.1) | 1.26 (0.67–2.40) | 0.465 | ||
Daily worker | 64 (52) | 59 (48) | 1.34 (0.70–2.55) | 0.365 | ||
Employee | 37 (54.4) | 31 (45.6) | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.571 | ||
208 | ||||||
Merchant | 52 (88.1) | 7 (11.9) | 1 | |||
Monthly income | ||||||
1000–2999 | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | 1.71 (0.53–5.51) | 0.364 | ||
3000–4999 | 137 (68.5) | 63 ( (31.5) | 0.92 (0.63–1.33) | 0.668 | ||
≥ 5000 | 112 (69.1) | 50 (30.9) | 1 | |||
Place of ANC | ||||||
Government institution | 251 (68.2) | 117 (31.8) | 1.40 (0.36–5.38) | 0.620 | ||
Private institution | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) | 1 | |||
Number of ANC | ||||||
1–2 | 227 (73.9) | 80 (26.1) | 1.40 (0.92–2.13) | 0.113 | 1.628 (0.447–5.935) | 0.460 |
3–4 | 17 (37) | 29 (63.0) | 0.47 (0.17–1.29) | 0.144 | ||
Above 4 | 16 (61.3) | 10 (38.5) | 1 | |||
Parity | ||||||
1–2 | 243 (71.1) | 99 (28.9) | 0.62 (0.32–1.18) | 0.150 | 0.65 (0.32–1.33) | 0.244 |
Three and above | 17 (45.9) | 20 (54.1) | 1 | |||
Place of birth | ||||||
Government institutions | 373 | 116 () | 4.28 (0.53–34.61) | 0.173 | 6.02 (0.63–57.15) | 0.118 |
Private institution | 6 | 3 | 1 | |||
Gestational age | ||||||
< 37 weeks | 66 (57.4) | 49 (42.6) | 2.31 (1.46–3.63) | 0.000 | 2.07 (1.26–3.41) | 0.04* |
37 and above weeks | 194 (73.5) | 70 (26.5) | 1 | |||
Duration of membrane rupture | ||||||
< 19 weeks | 168 (71.2) | 68 (28.8) | 0.70 (0.45–1.1) | 0.124 | 0.66 (0.41–1.08) | 0.105 |
19 and above weeks | 92 (64.3) | 51 (35.7) | 1 | |||
Mode of delivery | ||||||
SVD | 174 (71.0) | 71 (29) | 1.4 (0.91–2.29) | 0.115 | 1.56 (0.94–2.58) | 0.084 |
CS | 86 (64.2) | 48 (35.8) | 1 | |||
Pyrexia | ||||||
Yes | 52 (62.7) | 31 (37.3) | 1.54 (0.92–2.56) | 0.096 | 1.44 (0.83–2.51) | 0.189 |
No | 208 (70.3) | 88 (29.7) | 1 | |||
Antibiotics use during pregnancy | ||||||
Yes | 16 (69.6) | 7 (30.4) | 0.82 (0.33–2.06) | 0.687 | ||
No | 244 (68.5) | 112 (31.5) | 1 | |||
Age of neonates (days) | ||||||
1–5 | 99 (26.1) | 26 (2.3) | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) | 0.353 | ||
6–10 | 154 (65.8) | 80 (34.2) | 1.60 (0.78–3.27) | 0.293 | ||
Above ten | 33 (71.7) | 13 (28.3) | 1 | |||
Sex of neonates | ||||||
Male | 105 (68.6) | 48 (31.4) | 1.02 (0.66–1.58) | 0.909 | ||
Female | 155 (68.6) | 71 (31.4) | 1 | |||
Weight of neonates (kg) | ||||||
< 2 | 7 (70) | 3 (30) | 1.35 (0.9–1.83) | 0.052 | 0.69 (0.41–1.15) | 0.160 |
2-2.5 | 10 (52.6) | 9 (47.4) | 0.34 (0.09–1.25) | 0.106 | ||
2.6-3.0 | 129 (66.8) | 64 (33.2) | 1.18 (0.75–1.86) | 0.459 | ||
> 3 | 114 (72.6) | 43 (27.4) | 1 | |||
Initiation of breastfeeding | ||||||
< 5 min | 208 (70.5) | 87 (29.5) | 1.40 (0.82–2.38) | 0.211 | 1.27 (0.71–2.28) | 0.418 |
> 5 min | 52 (61.9) | 32 (38.1) | 1 | |||
Hand washing habit | ||||||
Yes | 19 (48.7) | 20 (51.3) | 2.33 (1.41–3.84) | 0.001 | 2.28 (1.33–3.93) | 0.03* |
No | 21 (63.6) | 12 (36.4) | 1 | |||
Materials used for tying cord | ||||||
Cord clamp | 216 (71.8) | 85 (28.2) | 1.31 (0.76–2.26) | 0.316 | 1.39 (0.76–2.53) | 0.273 |
Thread | 44 (56.4) | 34 (43.6) | 1 | |||
Instrument to ligate and cut cord | ||||||
Scissors | 223 (71.0) | 91 (29.0) | 1.44 (0.80-2.61) | 0.219 | 1.50 (0.78–2.86) | 0.218 |
Blade | 37 (56.9) | 28 (43.1) | 1 | |||
Cord separation time | ||||||
1–2 (min) | 224 (72.9) | 83 (27.0) | 1.14 (0.65–1.97 | 0.640 | ||
3 and above (min) | 36 (50.0) | 36 (50.0) | 1 | |||
Practice of cord care | ||||||
Dry cord care | 103 (83.7) | 20 (16.3) | 1.10 (0.70–1.72) | 0.676 | ||
Application of substance | 157 (61.3) | 99 (38.7) | 1 | |||
Substance applied on the cord | ||||||
Vaseline | 90 (61.6) | 56 (38.4) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 0.371 | ||
Butter | 39 (56.5) | 30 (43.5) | 1.25 (0.75–2.08) | 0.381 | ||
Saltwater | 28 (68.3) | 13 (31.7) | 1.08 (0.58-2.0) | 0.803 | ||
Not applied | 103 (83.7) | 20 (16.3) | 1 | |||
