Fig. 4

Differential Associations of FIB−4 Index Across Patient Subgroups. Forest plot showing adjusted odds ratios for the association between FIB−4 index (per unit increase) and poor functional outcome across prespecified subgroups. Squares represent point estimates of odds ratios, with horizontal lines indicating 95% confidence intervals. Square sizes are proportional to subgroup sample sizes. Significant interactions were observed for sex (P for interaction = 0.012) and TOAST classification (P for interaction = 0.017), with stronger associations observed in males (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36–2.59) and patients with cardioembolic stroke (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.45–3.40). The vertical dashed line represents an odds ratio of 1.