Fig. 3
From: Quantum contingency analysis for power system steady-state security identification

Quantum state profiles under different line outage scenarios. (A) Line outages in transmission system topology including Scenario 1: line 1-5 outage; Scenario 2: line 2-5 outage; Scenario 3: line 1-2 outage; Scenario 4: line 1-3 outage. (B) Quantum spheres. The \(|\Delta \pmb {F}(\pmb {x})\rangle\) integrated four line outages is decomposed as basis states \(|{k}\rangle\) on quantum spheres. (C) Quantum state outputs of optimized QCA circuits under different basis states and the comparison with CCA solutions.