Table 2 Relationship between sope measures and healthcare utilization patterns.
From: Healthcare utilization among Japanese older adults during later stage of prolonged pandemic
Mean | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
Extensive margins | |||||
Healthcare utilization | 0.842 | − 0.0109*** | − 0.0121*** | − 0.0074** | − 0.0073** |
(0.001) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.003) | ||
Hospital admission | 0.054 | − 0.0001 | − 0.0008*** | − 0.0004* | − 0.0004* |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | ||
Outpatient visit | 0.785 | − 0.0131*** | − 0.0137*** | − 0.0078** | − 0.0077** |
(0.001) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.003) | ||
Dental care | 0.208 | − 0.0070*** | − 0.0037*** | − 0.0020*** | − 0.0016** |
(0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | ||
Intensive margins | |||||
Total costs | 86.60 | 1.825 | 1.730 | 0.287 | 0.272 |
(1.13) | (1.07) | (0.18) | (0.18) | ||
Inpatient costs | 651.32 | 14.108* | 10.648 | 2.448* | 2.006 |
(7.42) | (7.14) | (1.42) | (1.40) | ||
Outpatient costs | 43.37 | 0.753 | 0.953 | − 0.231*** | − 0.217*** |
(0.55) | (0.59) | (0.08) | (0.08) | ||
Dental costs | 14.63 | − 0.117 | − 0.006 | 0.026 | 0.020 |
(0.20) | (0.21) | (0.05) | (0.05) | ||
Covariates and fixed effects | |||||
#Cases | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Individual characteristics and healthcare capacity | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Fixed effects and linear trends | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
Squared #cases | No | No | No | Yes | |
